TABLE 4.
Baseline demographic, lifestyle, and dietary characteristics according to juice intake, Singapore Chinese Health Study1
| Juice intake |
||||
| Characteristics | None | Monthly2 | 1/wk | ≥2/wk |
| n | 43,438 | 5150 | 2047 | 1949 |
| Age, y | 56.4 ± 7.9 | 53.1 ± 6.9 | 52.7 ± 6.9 | 53.3 ± 7.0 |
| Female | 57.0 | 50.0 | 48.0 | 45.0 |
| Hokkien dialect | 55.0 | 49.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 |
| Education3 | 26.0 | 41.0 | 49.0 | 50.0 |
| Hypertension4 | 19.9 | 20.9 | 19.5 | 21.1 |
| Ever smoked | 30.0 | 31.0 | 30.0 | 32.0 |
| Moderate activity5 | 15.0 | 16.0 | 18.0 | 20.0 |
| Vigorous activity6 | 9.0 | 13.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.0 ± 3.5 | 23.2 ± 3.5 | 23.1 ± 3.4 | 23.2 ± 3.4 |
| Sleep, h | 7.0 ± 1.1 | 7.0 ± 1.1 | 7.0 ± 1.1 | 7.0 ± 1.1 |
| Dietary pattern score7 | 18.0 | 21.0 | 32.0 | 42.0 |
| Total energy, kcal/d | 1523 ± 504 | 1652 ± 542 | 1801 ± 578 | 1871 ± 589 |
| Coffee, cups/mo | 36.4 ± 36.0 | 35.9 ± 36.0 | 34.5 ± 34.5 | 15.5 ± 11.5 |
| Black tea, cups/mo | 6.5 ± 16.2 | 8.4 ± 17.6 | 10.0 ± 18.6 | 9.3 ± 18.5 |
| Green tea, cups/mo | 8.7 ± 23.5 | 10.4 ± 25.0 | 11.6 ± 25.4 | 13.4 ± 28.6 |
| Soft drinks, cups/mo | 2.4 ± 8.6 | 3.7 ± 10.3 | 4.0 ± 10.3 | 3.9 ± 11.0 |
| Alcohol, drinks/wk | 1.0 ± 4.0 | 1.1 ± 3.8 | 1.3 ± 4.6 | 1.6 ± 5.4 |
Values are means ± SDs or percentages. One serving was assigned a value of 237 mL, or ∼1 cup. However, serving size was not directly assessed.
Any to <1/wk.
Percentage of population with a secondary education or greater.
Percentage of population who self-reported physician-diagnosed hypertension.
Percentage of population who reported ≥2 h/wk.
Percentage of population who reported ≥1.5 h/wk of vigorous work or strenuous physical activity.
Proportion of category in the top 20% of the vegetable-fruit-soy–rich dietary pattern score, which is strongly inversely associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality during the follow-up period.