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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Eur J Dent Educ. 2014 Aug 21;19(3):131–139. doi: 10.1111/eje.12113
Scales Question
No.
Description
Awareness 14 Community groups need our help.
19 There are people in the community who need help.
31 When I meet people who are having a difficult time, I wonder
how I would feel if I were in their shoes.
33 I feel bad that some community members are suffering from a
lack of resources.
34 I feel bad about the disparity among community members.
36 There are needs in the community.
44 There are people who have needs which are not being met.

Connectedness 25 I am responsible for doing something about improving the
community.
27 It is my responsibility to take some real measures to help others in
need.
28 It is important to provide a useful service to the community
through community service.
29 It is important to me to have a sense of contribution and
helpfulness through participating in community service.
30 It is important to me to gain an increased sense of responsibility
from participating in community service.
35 I feel an obligation to contribute to the community.
39 Other people deserve my help.
41 It is critical that citizens become involved in helping their
communities.

Normative
Helping
Behavior
15 In general, it is important to help people.
16 Improving communities is important to maintaining a quality
society.
17 I can make a difference in the community.
18 Our community needs good volunteers.
20 All communities need good volunteers.
21 Volunteer work at community agencies helps solve social
problems.
22 Volunteers in community agencies make a difference, if only a
small difference.
23 College student volunteers can help improve the local
community.
24 Volunteering in community projects can greatly enhance the
community's resources.
26 Contributing my skills will make the community a better place.
45 My contribution to the community will make a real difference.

Costs 7 I would have less time for my work.
8 I would have forgone the opportunity to make money in a paid
position.
9 I would have less energy.
10 I would have less time to work.
11 I would have less free time.
12 I would have less time to spend with my family.

Benefits 1 I would be contributing to the betterment of the community.
2 I would experience personal satisfaction knowing that I am
helping others.
3 I would be meeting other people who enjoy community service.
4 I would be developing new skills.

Career
Benefits
5 I would make valuable contacts for my professional career.
6 I would gain valuable experience for my resume.

Seriousness 37 Lack of participation in community service will cause severe
damage to our society.
38 Without community service, today's disadvantaged citizens have
no hope.
40 Community service is necessary to making our communities
better.
42 Community service is a crucial component of the solution to
community problems.
43 The more people who help, the better things will get.

Intention 13 I want to do this activity.
32 I will participate in a community service project in the next year.
46 Would you seek out an opportunity to do community service in
the next year?

Source: adapted and modified from Bringle RG, Phillips MA, Hudson M. The measure of service learning. Washington D.C. U.S.A. American Psychological Association; 2004:180–182.