Fig. 6.

Several virus recognition receptors reciprocally contribute to anti-viral cytokines and chemokines and to VSV replication. Small interfering RNAs were used to knockdown endogenous MDA5, RIG-I and TLR3 or OAS 1-3 as described in the “Materials and methods” section. The cells were stimulated with VSV 24 h after the corresponding siRNA transfection. The levels of IFN-α, IFN-β, CCL5, CXCL10, CXCL11 and IL-15 were determined by real-time PCR 24 h after VSV infection (a). Virus replication was examined using Vero cells infected with the supernatants of LAD2 cells that were stimulated with VSV after the corresponding knockdown of receptors as described in the “Materials and methods” section (b, c, d). The columns present the mean ± SD of 3 separate experiments. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 compared with the control siRNA-treated cells