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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2014 Aug 22;26(3):246–258. doi: 10.1016/j.jana.2014.08.005

Table 3. Concepts, Definitions, Categories, and Sample Quotes of Adolescents’ Beliefs About HIV Testing Guided by the Health Behavior Model.

Concepts Definitions Categories Examples (Direct Quotes From Participants)
1. Perceived
Susceptibility
Participants believe they may
 have been exposed to HIV
 or may be in the future.
N/A
  • The quietest people, like you know how you judge people too quickly? I don’t do that anymore.

  • My judgment is yes, you have it. We better get you tested. That’s it. But that’s just me, because my head is just not right anymore.

  • It’s not like they don’t want to. They’re probably scared of the outcome, probably, because they probably know that they have a risk of catching something they don’t want to have. When you talk to people and then they don’t listen, they get themselves stuck in a predicament that they can’t get themselves out of, what can you do about it?

2. Perceived
Severity
Concern over the consequences
 of having HIV are significant
 enough to get tested for the
 disease
N/A
  • It’s like really serious because like some people, they have it and they don’t even know so they just, like, transmit it to everybody.

3. Perceived
Benefits
Participants believed that the
 recommended action of using
 condoms or getting tested
 would protect them from
 getting HIV or spreading it
N/A
  • No, but like if you know and you know early, you can get rid of it early before it starts to get like your entire body.

  • It’s not just for yourself. That’s being selfish. You have to know for other people too. HIV goes both ways. It doesn’t just affect you. It affects the person you’re with.

4. Perceived
Barriers
Barriers that influence
adolescents’ decisions not
to get tested
Privacy Concerns
  • I wouldn’t mind him (physician) telling my parents, as long as he asks me. It’s like stabbing me in the back, you know.

  • Long as they don’t call my house and say, “Oh, here’s the HIV result.”

  • I don’t really trust my doctor but I don’t know. I haven’t built a relationship. I change doctors like every, like I don’t even stay with them.

  • My first doctor, like my doctor from like last year, I just felt like she will tell my mom. They’re really close, probably tell my mom. And then this doctor, I don’t know, I just kind of don’t have trust, I don’t know.

Waiting for Results
  • Yes, it takes too long. Like normally I would go to the doctor about 7 and they don’t get around to me until like 10.

Stigma
  • They automatically assume that if you go into the clinic, you’re going to get tested, which is false. Because I’ve gone to the clinic for my physical. I go the clinic when I have a headache, because I (inaudible). I’m done. So it’s ignorant people … But I still think that should have no effect on whether you’re going to the clinic or not, because you’re not checking whether they have something. You’re checking whether you have something.

  • I think sometimes people are afraid. Like they go get tested and they are positive, and therefore what are they going to tell their parents, what are they going to tell their partner?

5. Cues to
Action
Receive reminder cues for
action, which encourages and
provides information about
HIV testing
Test is Offered by a
 Health Care Provider
  • Like for example, when you know like it’s time to get your dental, have that dental day be the day that you get everything. You get your dental and you get the HIV test.

  • You see how sometimes when they go to check your blood pressure on the street? Maybe like that. Like in those vans?

  • Somewhere where I hear it more, because you don’t really hear about HIV that much. You don’t really test … there aren’t really posters talking about it.

  • At my physical, they asked me if I wanted to.

  • The only way we’ll know about testing is when our doctor tells us, which he usually doesn’t.

Change in Sexual
 Partner
  • Well, first of all, you get tested before sexual intercourse and then you use a condom when you have it.

  • The only reason I’ll get tested is if I change my partner. That’s when I would get tested.