Table 4.
Association Between Era of Service and Elevated Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety for Older Veterans
| Elevated Depression Symptoms |
Elevated Anxiety Symptoms | |
|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Unadjusted Models | ||
| Era of Service | ||
| WWII/Korea | (Ref) | (Ref) |
| Vietnam | 1.41 (1.06, 1.87) | 1.18 (0.76, 1.83) |
| Adjusted Models | ||
| Era of Service | ||
| WWII/Korea | (Ref) | (Ref) |
| Vietnam | 2.15 (1.54, 3.00) | 2.12 (1.28, 3.51) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||
| White | (Ref) | (Ref)a |
| African American | 1.15 (0.70, 1.91) | 1.72 (0.93, 3.20)a |
| Latino | 2.57 (1.30, 5.08) | |
| Other | 1.05 (0.33, 3.35) | |
| Education (years) | ||
| < 12/less than HS | (Ref) | (Ref) |
| 12/HS | 0.72 (0.50, 1.13) | 0.71 (0.37, 1.33) |
| 13–15/some college | 0.55 (0.34, 0.87) | 0.66 (0.33, 1.33) |
| ≥ 16/college | 0.54 (0.34, 0.86) | 0.26 (0.10, 0.65) |
| Medical Conditions | (Ref = no) | (Ref = no) |
| Arthritis | 1.66 (1.16, 2.37) | 3.73 (2.03, 6.86) |
| Cancer | 1.20 (0.82, 1.78) | 1.54 (0.92, 2.58) |
| Diabetes | 1.31 (0.91, 1.88) | 1.21 (0.71, 2.07) |
| Heart Condition | 1.62 (1.13, 2.34) | 1.31 (0.81, 2.11) |
| Hypertension | 1.17 (0.84, 1.66) | 1.15 (0.70, 1.90) |
| Lung Disease | 1.52 (0.98, 2.36) | 2.13 (1.17, 3.85) |
| Stroke | 1.33 (0.78, 2.24) | 1.08 (0.51, 2.26) |
Note:
a
For the anxiety analysis, ethnicity was grouped as white and Non-white.