Table 3. Risk factors for AF.

Pre-operative
Advanced age
Male gender
Hypertension
Previous AF
History of previous cardiac surgery
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Right coronary artery (RCA) disease
Peripheral vascular disease
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH)
Left atrial enlargement
Electrocardiographic features
Renal failure
Moderate or severe aortic atherosclerosis
Withdrawal of β-blocker or ACEI
Body surface area (BSA)
Obesity and metabolic syndrome
Intra-operative
Aortic cross-clamp time
Bicaval canulation
Pulmonary vein venting
Type of surgery
Need of perioperative IABP
CPB time
CPB inclusive of cardioplegic arrest
Systemic hypothermia
Post-operative
Respiratory compromise
Red cell transfusion