Table 5.

Association between clinicopathologic factors and occurrence of invasive breast cancer in 624 patients with a preoperative diagnosis of DCIS or MIC

Characteristics	Invasive Cancer (N=149)	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	N (%)	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)*	P value
Age (y)
>=50	91 (23.0)	Referent
<50	59 (25.4)	1.1 (0.8–1.7)	.49
Race
White	109 (24.3)	Referent
Other	39 (22.7)	0.9 (0.6–1.4)	.68
Tumor location
Outer quadrants	72 (24.0)	Referent
Other quadrants	77 (23.8)	1.0 (0.7–1.4)	.95
Palpable tumor
Yes	38 (28.2)	Referent
No	108 (22.7)	0.8 (0.5–1.2)	.19
Unknown	3 (21.4)
DCIS size (cm)
<=2 cm	60 (19.4)	Referent		Referent
2–5 cm	46 (26.3)	1.5 (1.0–2.3)	.08	1.5 (0.9–2.3)	.08
>5 cm	43 (30.7)	1.8 (1.2–2.9)	.01	1.6 (1.02–2.6)	.04
Method of preoperative diagnosis
Excisional biopsy	20 (10.6)	Referent		Referent
Core biopsy	129 (29.6)	3.5 (2.1–5.9)	<.001	3.4 (2.0–5.7)	<.001
Preoperative histologic type
DCIS	126 (23.3)	Referent
MIC	23 (27.7)	1.3 (0.8–2.1)	.38
Necrosis
Absent	18 (15.5)	Referent		Referent
Present	131 (25.8)	1.9 (1.1–3.2)	.02	1.6 (0.9–2.7)	.11
Type of DCIS
Comedo	33 (22.5)	Referent
Non-comedo	116 (24.3)	1.1 (0.7–1.7)	.64
Estrogen receptor status
Positive	87 (29.1)	Referent
Negative	45 (36.3)	1.4 (0.9–2.2)	.15
Unknown	17 (8.5)
Progesterone receptor status
Positive	65 (26.5)	Referent
Negative	67 (28.9)	1.1 (0.8–1.7)	.57
Unknown	17 (11.6)
Histologic grade
I	7(21.2)	Referent
II	73 (28.3)	1.5 (0.6–3.5)	.39
III	69 (20.7)	1.0 (0.4–2.3)	.95

DCIS: carcinoma in situ; MIC: microinvasive breast cancer; SLN: sentinel lymph node; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.

^*OR and 95% CI values were obtained from multivariate analysis with all variables significant in univariate analysis fitted simultaneously.