Table 2.
Effect and affected fraction estimates for interventions to reduce stillbirths and maternal and neonatal deaths
| Stillbirths | Maternal deaths | Neonatal deaths | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effect | AF | Effect | AF | Effect | AF | |
| Interventions for stillbirth prevention | ||||||
| Syphilis detection and treatment | 0.82 for antepartum stillbirths* | 0.21* | Minimal effect | - | 0.03 for sepsis | 1 |
| Hypertensive disease case management | 0.20 for antepartum and intrapartum stillbirths | 1 | 0.59 for hypertensive disease | 1* | Effect calculated as part of BEmOC and CEmOC | |
| Diabetes case management | 0.10 for antepartum and intrapartum stillbirths* | 0.106* | Unknown effect | - | Unknown effect | - |
| MgSO4 Management of pre-eclampsia | 0.20 for antepartum and intrapartum stillbirths* | 0.213* | 0.59 for hypertensive disease* | 1* | Unknown effect | - |
| Fetal growth restriction detection and management | 0.20 for antepartum and intrapartum stillbirths* | 0.202* | Unknown effect | - | Unknown effect | - |
| Labor and delivery management: Essential obstetric care | 0.23 for intrapartum stillbirths | 1* | 0.10 for sepsis | 1* | 0.25 for asphyxia*; 0.10 for prematurity*; 0.25 for sepsis; 0.36 for tetanus | 1* |
| Labor and delivery management: Basic emergency obstetric care (BEmOC) | 0.45 for intrapartum stillbirths | 1* | 0.08 for obstructed labor; 0.20 for antepartum hemorrhage*; 0.65 for postpartum hemorrhage; 0.50 for sepsis | 1* | 0.40 for asphyxia*; 0.10 for prematurity*; 0.25 for sepsis; 0.36 for tetanus | 1* |
| Labor and delivery management: Comprehensive emergency obstetric care (CEmOC) | 0.75 for intrapartum stillbirths | 1* | 0.99 for obstructed labor; 0.80 for antepartum hemorrhage*; 0.95 for postpartum hemorrhage; 0.99 for hypertensive disease of pregnancy; 0.70 for sepsis | 1* | 0.80 for asphyxia*; 0.10 for prematurity*; 0.25 for sepsis; 0.36 for tetanus | 1* |
| Induction of labor for pregnancies lasting 41+ weeks (CEmOC only) | 0.69 for antepartum and intrapartum stillbirths* | 0.036* | No effect | - | Unknown effect | - |
| Interventions for maternal and newborn health | ||||||
| Early detection and treatment of HIV in pregnant women | Unknown effect | - | 0.90 for other indirect causes | 0.8 | Unknown effect | - |
| Tetanus toxoid immunization during pregnancy | No effect | - | 0.98* | 0.005* | 0.94 for tetanus* | 1* |
| Antibiotics for preterm premature rupture of membranes | Unknown effect | - | 0.26 for sepsis | 0.1 | 0.12 for prematurity*; 0.08 for sepsis | 1 for both |
| Antenatal corticosteroids for preterm labor | No effect | - | No effect | - | 0.53 for prematurity* | 1 |
| Active management of the third stage of labor | No effect | - | 0.27 for postpartum hemorrhage | 1* | No effect | - |
| Neonatal resuscitation | No effect | - | No effect | - | 0.3 for asphyxia*; 0.1 for prematurity* | 1 for both* |