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. 2015 Feb 18;12:31. doi: 10.1186/s12974-015-0242-7

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© Dange et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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An immunofluorescence double labeling image (x 40) showing the effects of intra-PVN infusion of VIPER on protein expression of TLR4 and CD11B in the PVN of WKY and SHR rats. SHR + CP rats showed modest expression of TLR4 within the microglia of PVN, whereas, VIPER infusion in these rats caused significant reduction in TLR4 expression. Arrow indicates double-labeled cells.VIPER infusion in saline-infused rats did not have any effects. n = 5/group. Scale bar 20 μm : CD11B, cluster of differentiation molecule 11B; CP, control peptide; PVN, paraventricular nucleus; SHR, spontaneously hypertensive rat; TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4; VIPER, viral inhibitory peptide of TLR4; WKY, wistar-Kyoto.