Table 3.
MIC (μg/mL) of subfraction of ethanol extracts of Cynodon dactylon and reference antibiotics against bacteria.
| Solvent system | Gram-negative bacteria | Gram-positive bacteria | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ESBL-EC | Ec | Vc | Cf | MDR-ST | Ecl | IRPA | Stm | Se | ESBL-KP | MRSA | Ef | Sa | Sp | Sal | |
| n-Hexane | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 500 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Chloroform | 250 | 63 | — | — | — | 125 | — | 500 | — | — | 63 | — | 31 | — | — |
| n-Butanol | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 250 | 125 | 500 | 63 | — | — |
| Water | — | — | 500 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Gentamicina | 64 | <1 | <1 | 32 | <1 | 16 | 64 | <1 | <1 | 64 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Vancomicinb | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 |
“—”: not tested because plant extracts did not show the inhibitory effect by agar-well diffusion method or not suitable to test (for reference drug); Cf: Citrobacter freundii; Ecl: Enterobacter cloacae; Ef: Enterococcus faecalis; Ec: Escherichia coli (25922); ESBL-EC: extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli; ESBL-KP: extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing-Klebsiella pneumoniae; IRPA: imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Sa: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923); MRSA: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Sal: Streptococcus agalactiae; Se: Salmonella enteritidis; Sp: Streptococcus pyogenes; MDR-ST: multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhi; Stm: Salmonella typhimurium; Vc: Vibrio cholerae; a and b: gentamicin and vancomycin were used as reference drugs for Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively.