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. 2014 Dec 19;11(4):2367–2372. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2014.3118

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The mechanisms of trophoblast deportation into the maternal circulation. Cytotrophoblasts proliferate and differentiate during fetal development. In turn, they fuse with syncytiotrophoblasts and finally age and are packaged into apoptotic material that is deported in the maternal circulation in the form of syncytial knots. Sometimes aponecrosis occurs if the apoptotic cascade fails to take place and necrotic material is released into the maternal circulation.