Table II.
Immunostaining for inflammation markers and histologic assessment of inflammation in the urothelium, vessel wall and smooth muscle.
| Urothelium | Vessel wall | Smooth muscle | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
| Inflammation | Inflammation | Inflammation | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
| Staining intensitya | No. of samplesb | Mild (n=2) | Moderate (n=15) | Severe (n=6) | P-value | No. of Samplesb | Mild (n=2) | Moderate (n=15) | Severe (n=6) | P-value | No. of Samplesb | Mild (n=2) | Moderate (n=15) | Severe (n=6) | P-value |
| COX-2 | 0.027c | 1.000 | 0.020d | ||||||||||||
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |||
| 2 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 4 | |||
| 3 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 8 | 1 | 7 | 0 | |||
| MMP-9 | 0.626 | 0.384 | 0.335 | ||||||||||||
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
| 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |||
| 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 9 | 1 | 5 | 3 | |||
| 3 | 9 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 14 | 1 | 10 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 6 | 0 | |||
| iNOS | 0.643 | 0.808 | 0.029c | ||||||||||||
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 0 | 3 | 5 | |||
| 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 6 | 0 | |||
| 3 | 11 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Phos-S6 | 0.201 | 0.774 | 0.327 | ||||||||||||
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 1 | |||
| 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | |||
| 2 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | |||
| 3 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| mTOR | 1.000 | 0.778 | 0.335 | ||||||||||||
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
| 2 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 3 | |||
| 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 2 | |||
a
Staining intensity: 0, no staining; 1, mild staining; 2, moderate staining; 3, intense staining.
b
Samples were not obtained for all 23 patients. Data are presented as n (%). Differences among inflammation levels were compared by the Fisher’s exact test.
c
P<0.05 and
d
P<0.01 dispersion of immunohistochemical staining intensity between mild, moderate and severe inflammation status, by pairwise comparison.
COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; MMP-9, matrix metallopeptidase-9; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; Phos-S6, phosphorylated 40S ribosomal protein S6.