TABLE 2.
Procedural Data and Outcomes
| Variable | TVC Group (n = 20) | NC Group (n = 20) | Total (n = 40) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Procedural time, min: median (Q1–Q3) | 50.0 (42.0–66.0) | 54.5 (46.0–62.0) | 52.0 (44.0–62.0) | 0.675* |
| No. of percutaneous trocars: median (Q1–Q3) | 1 (1–1) | 3 (3–3) | 2.5 (1–3) | <0.001* |
| Intraoperative complication | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1.000† |
| Conversion | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1.000† |
| Surgical handling, assessment by the first surgeon, 1/2/3/4/5‡ | ||||
| Instrument handling | 2/12/6/0/0 | 4/14/2/0/0 | 6/26/8/0/0 | 0.112§ |
| Camera handling | 2/14/3/1/0 | 0/14/6/0/0 | 2/28/9/1/0 | 0.411§ |
| Preparation | 2/14/3/1/0 | 3/9/8/0/0 | 5/23/11/1/0 | 0.645§ |
| Gallbladder extraction | 17/3/0/0/0 | 3/7/8/2/0 | 20/10/8/2/0 | <0.001§ |
| Surgical handling, assessment by the second surgeon, 1/2/3/4/5‡ | ||||
| Instrument handling | 5/6/7/2/0 | 6/14/0/0/0 | 11/20/7/2/0 | 0.020§ |
| Camera handling | 4/11/4/1/0 | 4/9/7/0/0 | 8/20/11/1/0 | 0.835§ |
| Preparation | 11/5/3/1/0 | 4/13/3/0/0 | 15/18/6/1/0 | 0.311§ |
| Gallbladder extraction | 9/10/1/0/0 | 3/11/4/2/0 | 12/21/5/2/0 | 0.010§ |
| Drainage | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1.000† |
| Blood transfusion | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1.000† |
| Cumulative pain from the day of surgery to day 2 in the morning, NRS-11: median (Q1–Q3) | 8.0 (4–16)¶ | 14.0 (8–19)¶ | 12.0 (5.8–17.5)|| | 0.043* |
| Cumulative pain from the day of surgery to day 10, NRS-11: median (Q1–Q3) | 22.0 (11.5–37.5)¶ | 41.0 (26.0–66.0)¶ | 28.5 (16.3–49.0)|| | 0.010* |
| Frequency of analgesics in the recovery room | 6 (30%) | 7 (35%) | 13 (32.5%) | 1.000† |
| Cumulative paracetamol, g, from the day of surgery to day 10: median (Q1–Q3) | 4.5 (3.0–8.5)¶ | 8.75 (5.0–14.5)¶ | 6.5 (3.5–10.0)|| | 0.019* |
| Cumulative piritramide, mg, from the day of surgery to day 10: median (Q1–Q3) | 7.5 (0.0–22.5)¶ | 0.0 (0.0–17.5)¶ | 6.3 (0.0–21.4)|| | 0.244* |
| Pre- and postoperative difference in CRP, mg/L: median (Q1–Q3) | 12.6 (3.6–26.1) | 10.3 (4.9–22.6) | 12.3 (4.0–24.79) | 0.574* |
| Pre- and postoperative difference in leukocyte count, per nL: median (Q1–Q3) | 0.5 (−0.7–1.3) | 0.1 (−0.7–0.6) | 0.1 (−0.7–1.0) | 0.496* |
| Postoperative complication | 2 (10%) | 2 (10%) | 4 (10%) | 1.000† |
| Revision surgery | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1.000† |
| Postoperative hospital stay, d: median (Q1–Q3) | 2.0 (2–2) | 2.0 (2–2) | 2.0 (2.0–2.0) | 0.892* |
| Time to everyday life, d: median (Q1–Q3) | 5.5 (3.5–12.5) | 6.5 (6.0–11.0) | 6.0 (4.3–12.8) | 0.328* |
| Assessment of aesthetic on postoperative day 10, 1/2/3/4/5** | ||||
| Patient | 20/0/0/0/0 | 6/11/3/0/0 | 26/11/3/0/0 | <0.001§ |
| Investigator | 20/0/0/0/0 | 0/16/4/0/0 | 20/16/4/0/0 | <0.001§ |
| Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index on postoperative day 10: median (Q1–Q3) | 124 (104.5–132.0) | 107 (89.0–114.0) | 115.5 (99.3–125.5) | 0.028* |
| Mortality | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1.000† |
*Mann-Whitney U test.
†Fisher exact test.
‡Response options: 1, without any problems; 2, easy; 3, moderate; 4, slightly difficult; 5, very difficult.
§χ2 test for the trend.
¶n = 19.
∥n = 38.
**Response options: 1, very satisfied; 2, moderately satisfied; 3, equally satisfied and dissatisfied; 4, moderately dissatisfied; 5, very dissatisfied.