TABLE 3.

Clavien-Dindo Classification of Postoperative Complications

	TVC Group (n = 20)	LC Group (n = 20)	Total (n = 40)	P
				0.852*
No complication	18 (90%)	18 (90%)	36 (90%)
Grade I	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Grade II	0 (0%)	1 (5%)	1 (2.5%)
Grade III	2 (10%)	1 (5%)	3 (7.5%)
Grade IV	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Grade V	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)

*χ² test for the trend.

Grade I: no intervention necessary.

Grade II: requiring pharmacological treatment.

Grade III: requiring surgical, endoscopic, or radiological intervention.

Grade IV: life-threatening complication requiring intensive care/intensive care unit management.

Grade V: death of a patient.