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. 2015 Jan 13;172(5):1333–1347. doi: 10.1111/bph.13007

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Positive modulation accelerates blocker re-equilibration during voltage jumps to time domains relevant to synaptic transmission. A–B. Representative traces depicting baseline NMDA responses at −70 and +50 mV (300 μM) and NMDA plus SGE-201 (1 μM). Currents in the absence of NMDA have been digitally subtracted. The right panels show responses in the presence of memantine (A, 10 μM) and ketamine (B, 10 μM). Right traces represent fractional responses calculated by dividing currents in the presence of blocker by currents in the absence of blocker, shown as a percentage of each baseline. Dotted lines indicate 0 and 100% of original NMDA current as indicated. Solid black lines in right traces indicate least-squares bi-exponential fits to re-equilibration of the blocker at +50 mV. C. The time course of re-equilibration after the voltage jump from −70 to +50 mV was estimated from fits like those in right panels of A and B for memantine and ketamine in the presence and absence of SGE-201. SGE-201 accelerated the rate constant of re-equilibration to a time domain potentially relevant to EPSPs. **P < 0.01, paired t-test, n = 19 each.