Table 3. Background characteristics associated with under-five mortality in Nigeria.
| Under-five (0–59 months) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables/categories | Alive (n = 86,687) | Dead (n = 18,121) | Total number (n = 104,808) | Chi-square |
| Ethnic origin | 191.6*** | |||
| Hausa/Fulani/Kanuri | 77.0 | 23.0 | 42,275 | |
| Igbo | 87.6 | 12.4 | 11,114 | |
| Yoruba | 90.8 | 9.2 | 10,971 | |
| Others | 85.3 | 14.7 | 40,448 | |
| Child's sex | 26.2*** | |||
| Male | 82.3 | 17.7 | 53,773 | |
| Female | 83.6 | 16.4 | 51,035 | |
| Maternal age | 50.5*** | |||
| 15–24 | 85.4 | 14.6 | 9237 | |
| 25–34 | 84.6 | 15.4 | 35,084 | |
| 35+ | 81.6 | 18.4 | 60,487 | |
| Wealth index | 173.6*** | |||
| Poorest | 77.5 | 22.5 | 28,544 | |
| Poorer | 78.9 | 21.1 | 25,704 | |
| Middle | 83.6 | 16.4 | 21,197 | |
| Richer | 87.6 | 12.4 | 16,878 | |
| Richest | 91.7 | 8.3 | 12,485 | |
| Religion affiliation | 145.6*** | |||
| Catholic/other Christianity | 87.5 | 12.5 | 43,128 | |
| Islam | 79.3 | 20.7 | 58.526 | |
| Others | 83.4 | 16.6 | 2297 | |
| Mother's education | 241.7*** | |||
| None | 78.5 | 21.5 | 58,550 | |
| Primary | 85.3 | 14.7 | 24,785 | |
| Secondary | 89.7 | 10.3 | 17,039 | |
| Higher | 92.8 | 7.2 | 4434 | |
| Father's education | 325.6*** | |||
| None | 77.6 | 22.4 | 48,788 | |
| Primary | 84.6 | 15.4 | 22,597 | |
| Secondary or higher | 88.9 | 11.1 | 31,130 | |
| Mother's employment status | 18.4*** | |||
| Currently working | 28.3 | 31.1 | 31,462 | |
| Not working | 71.7 | 68.9 | 73,346 | |
| Father's employment status | 3.5 | |||
| Working | 82.2 | 17.8 | 27,055 | |
| Not working | 83.2 | 16.8 | 77,753 | |
| Place of residence | 147.8*** | |||
| rban | 87.9 | 12.1 | 26,574 | |
| Rural | 81.0 | 19.0 | 78,234 | |
| Region | 114.8*** | |||
| North-central | 86.9 | 13.1 | 18,631 | |
| North-east | 77.9 | 22.1 | 3995 | |
| North-west | 77.2 | 22.8 | 29,338 | |
| South-east | 86.4 | 13.6 | 9292 | |
| South-south | 87.1 | 12.9 | 12,006 | |
| South-west | 90.9 | 9.1 | 11,546 | |
***
p < 0.001.