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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Feb 23.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Aug 17;22(11):437–442. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2011.07.004

Figure 2. Mechanisms linking reduced GH signaling with extended longevity in GH-resistant or GH-deficient mice.

Figure 2

Simplified outline of mechanisms of GH effects on longevity. Interactions and reciprocal relationships omitted for clarity.

Inline graphic = increase; Inline graphic = decrease

This diagram lists consequences of GH deficiency or resistance that constitute likely mechanisms of extended longevity. The Specific Effects listed in the first column include those detected in long-lived mutants, and most have been linked to GH actions by evidence from other experimental systems. The More Global Effects listed in the second column represent broader functional consequences of these changes known to be involved in the control of aging and longevity. The diagram is not intended to be comprehensive or all-inclusive. For example, plausible mechanisms of extended longevity that have been demonstrated in only one mutant have not been included.