Table 1.
Prostate cancer cases
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---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | Total | Advanced stage | Nonadvanced stage | Controls |
Age (y), mean | 66.7 | 67.0a | 66.4 | 66.4 |
College graduate or postgraduate, % | 41.5 | 39.5 | 44.0 | 40.2 |
BMI (kg/m2), mean | ||||
At age 20 y | 22.9 | 23.0 | 22.8 | 23.0 |
At age 50 y | 26.3 | 26.4 | 26.1a | 26.6 |
At baseline | 27.3 | 27.4 | 27.3 | 27.6 |
Vigorous physical activity, % | ||||
<1 h/wk | 12.2 | 13.1 | 11.0 | 14.1 |
1–3 h/wk | 43.9 | 43.6 | 44.3 | 45.3 |
≥4 h/wk | 43.9 | 43.3 | 44.7 | 40.6 |
Smoking history, % | ||||
Never smoker | 32.2b | 33.2 | 31.0 | 28.6 |
Former (quit ≥10 y ago) | 42.0b | 40.3 | 44.2 | 42.0 |
Former (quit <10 y ago) & cigar/pipe only | 17.8b | 18.6 | 16.7 | 18.3 |
Current smoker | 8.0b | 7.9 | 8.1 | 11.1 |
Alcohol use, % | ||||
≤1 drink/mo | 30.9 | 31.8 | 29.8 | 30.2 |
>1 drink/mo to ≤1 drink/d | 36.9 | 38.6 | 34.9 | 38.6 |
>1 drink/day | 32.2 | 29.6 | 35.3 | 31.2 |
Aspirin use regularly, % | 42.6 | 41.8 | 43.5 | 45.9 |
Ibuprofen use regularly, % | 14.1 | 13.6 | 14.8 | 15.7 |
Fruit intake (pyramid servings/d), mean | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.4 |
Vegetable intake (pyramid servings/d), mean | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.5 |
Broccoli intake (g/d), mean | 13.9 | 13.8 | 14.1 | 14.0 |
Red meat intake (g/d), mean | 96.9 | 97.5 | 96.0 | 100.2 |
Red meat from ruminants intake (g/d), mean | 65.2 | 66.0 | 64.3 | 67.8 |
Energy intake (kcal/d), mean | 2,337.4 | 2,293.4 | 2,390.5 | 2,348.2 |
Fat intake (g/d), mean | 79.9 | 79.8 | 80.0 | 80.0 |
Vitamin D intake (IU/d), mean | 10.7 | 10.3 | 11.2 | 10.9 |
Folate intake (mcg/d), mean | 603.9 | 586.6a | 624.8 | 617.3 |
Zinc intake (mg/d), mean | 20.5 | 20.1 | 21.0 | 20.7 |
Lycopene intake from diet (μg/d), mean | 11,264.7 | 11,090.2 | 11,475.6 | 11,470.2 |
Current multivitamin use, % | 34.5 | 33.3 | 36.0 | 33.7 |
Recent multivitamin use (within past 2 y), % | 42.5 | 39.8 | 45.7 | 43.0 |
Current selenium supplement use, % | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 3.7 |
Current vitamin E supplement use, % | 28.4a | 28.0 | 28.9 | 33.3 |
Calcium intake ≥1,500 mg/d, % | 23.5 | 21.4 | 26.0 | 23.6 |
NOTE: Bold font indicates statistically significant values.
P < 0.05 versus controls.
The distribution of smoking history differs between total cases and controls, P < 0.05.