Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of prostate cancer cases and controls, PLCO

	Prostate cancer cases
Characteristics	Total	Advanced stage	Nonadvanced stage	Controls
Age (y), mean	66.7	67.0a	66.4	66.4
College graduate or postgraduate, %	41.5	39.5	44.0	40.2
BMI (kg/m2), mean
At age 20 y	22.9	23.0	22.8	23.0
At age 50 y	26.3	26.4	26.1a	26.6
At baseline	27.3	27.4	27.3	27.6
Vigorous physical activity, %
<1 h/wk	12.2	13.1	11.0	14.1
1–3 h/wk	43.9	43.6	44.3	45.3
≥4 h/wk	43.9	43.3	44.7	40.6
Smoking history, %
Never smoker	32.2b	33.2	31.0	28.6
Former (quit ≥10 y ago)	42.0b	40.3	44.2	42.0
Former (quit <10 y ago) & cigar/pipe only	17.8b	18.6	16.7	18.3
Current smoker	8.0b	7.9	8.1	11.1
Alcohol use, %
≤1 drink/mo	30.9	31.8	29.8	30.2
>1 drink/mo to ≤1 drink/d	36.9	38.6	34.9	38.6
>1 drink/day	32.2	29.6	35.3	31.2
Aspirin use regularly, %	42.6	41.8	43.5	45.9
Ibuprofen use regularly, %	14.1	13.6	14.8	15.7
Fruit intake (pyramid servings/d), mean	3.4	3.3	3.5	3.4
Vegetable intake (pyramid servings/d), mean	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.5
Broccoli intake (g/d), mean	13.9	13.8	14.1	14.0
Red meat intake (g/d), mean	96.9	97.5	96.0	100.2
Red meat from ruminants intake (g/d), mean	65.2	66.0	64.3	67.8
Energy intake (kcal/d), mean	2,337.4	2,293.4	2,390.5	2,348.2
Fat intake (g/d), mean	79.9	79.8	80.0	80.0
Vitamin D intake (IU/d), mean	10.7	10.3	11.2	10.9
Folate intake (mcg/d), mean	603.9	586.6a	624.8	617.3
Zinc intake (mg/d), mean	20.5	20.1	21.0	20.7
Lycopene intake from diet (μg/d), mean	11,264.7	11,090.2	11,475.6	11,470.2
Current multivitamin use, %	34.5	33.3	36.0	33.7
Recent multivitamin use (within past 2 y), %	42.5	39.8	45.7	43.0
Current selenium supplement use, %	3.3	3.1	3.5	3.7
Current vitamin E supplement use, %	28.4a	28.0	28.9	33.3
Calcium intake ≥1,500 mg/d, %	23.5	21.4	26.0	23.6

NOTE: Bold font indicates statistically significant values.

^aP < 0.05 versus controls.

^bThe distribution of smoking history differs between total cases and controls, P < 0.05.