. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Feb 23.

Published in final edited form as: Comput Human Behav. 2014 Jun;35:364–375. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2014.01.036

Table 1.

Daily media usage mean (standard deviation) for children (n = 338), preteens (n = 316), and teens (n = 376) shown in hours: minutes.

Media/technology usage item	4- to 8-year-olds	9- to12-year-olds	13- to 18-year-olds	F-Score
Online	0:27 (0:44)	1:01 (1:11)	1:24 (1:53)	128.89^***
Using computer (not online)	0:23 (0:38)	0:53 (1:07)	1:37 (1:49)	96.37^***
E-Mail	0:06 (0:25)	0:22 (1:02)	0:56 (1:49)	71.05^***
IM/Chat	0:04 (0:22)	0:24 (1:19)	1:21 (2:35)	84.40^***
Telephone	0:20 (0:37)	0:41 (0:55)	1:14 (1:47)	64.54^***
Text messaging	0:07 (0:42)	0:41 (1:37)	2:25 (3:19)	135.33^***
Video games	0:50 (1:05)	1:12 (1:21)	1:06 (2:01)	8.24^***
Music	0:42 (0:46)	1:16 (1:44)	2:49 (2:56)	125.45^***
Television	2:05 (1:28)	1:52 (1:27)	1:55 (1:45)	1.52
Tech toys	0:59 (1:01)	0:41 (0:55)	0:41 (1:09)	9.04^***
TOTAL TECH^a	7:11 (4:45)	9:57 (7:34)	18:28 (11:30)	165.79^***

Total hours of media/technology truncated to 3 standard deviations above mean and all total hours above that number were changed to exactly 3 standard deviations above the mean.

^***

p < .001.