TNF-α levels in the brain tissue of 2-month R6/2 mice were downregulated under oral B401 treatment.
Notes: (A) Immunohistochemical staining illustrates expression levels of TNF-α in the cortex, striatum, and hippocampus of 2-month R6/2 mice and their WT. Expression levels of TNF-α in the brain tissue of 2-month R6/2 mice were visibly reduced under oral B401 treatment. (B) Western blotting analysis shows the following: (a) expression levels of aggregation of TNF-α in whole brain tissue of 2-month R6/2 mice with oral B401 and sham treatments, and their WT and (b) quantified brain TNF-α levels of 2-month R6/2 mice (HD sham, n=6) were significantly increased than their WT (n=6), and significantly reduced under oral B401 treatment (HD B401, n=6). Values are mean ± SEM (**P<0.01, one-way ANOVA followed by a Student–Newman–Keuls multiple comparisons posttest).
Abbreviations: WT, wild type; HD, Huntington’s disease; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; SEM, standard error of the mean; ANOVA, analysis of variance.