Figure 2.

Effects of linagliptin and metformin on metabolic changes and mechanical withdrawal thresholds. Effects of linagliptin (3 mgkg⁻¹, p.o.; n = 7) or metformin (200 mgkg⁻¹, p.o.; n = 6) given daily from day 4 onwards on (a) fasting plasma glucose, (b) fasting plasma insulin, and (c) mechanical withdrawal thresholds in HFD/STZ rats, compared to the effects of vehicle in HFD/STZ rats (n = 8). Data from vehicle-treated HFD/Veh rats are also included for comparison as this group did not exhibit changes in mechanical withdrawal thresholds (n = 8). Linagliptin and metformin significantly prevented the decrease in hindpaw mechanical withdrawal thresholds in HFD/STZ rats compared to vehicle-treated HFD/STZ rats. Data are mean ± SEM. Analysis was by a Kruskal Wallis test with Dunn's post hoc test: ^* P < 0.05, ^** P < 0.01, and ^*** P < 0.001 (compared to HFD/Veh); ^# P < 0.05, ^## P < 0.01 (compared to HFD/STZ).