Table 4.
HRs (95% CI) for psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence when comparing siblings of patients with type 1 diabetes and siblings of healthy individuals
| Siblings of probands: siblings of patients with type 1 diabetes (n = 18,847) | Unexposed siblings: siblings of healthy individuals (n = 1,077,951) | Univariate* | Multivariate** | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any psychiatric disorder | 1,059 (5.6) | 56,366 (5.2) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 1.1 (1.0–1.1) |
| Suicide attempt | 107 (0.6) | 5,152 (0.5) | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) |
| Psychotic disorders | 7 (0.0) | 520 (0.1) | 0.8 (0.4–1.7) | 0.8 (0.4–1.7) |
| Mood disorders | 117 (0.6) | 6,774 (0.6) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) |
| Anxiety, dissociative, stress-related, and somatoform disorders | 122 (0.7) | 7,348 (0.7) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) |
| Eating disorders | 85 (0.5) | 4,592 (0.4) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) |
| Substance misuse | 193 (1.0) | 9,713 (0.9) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.2 (1.0–1.3) |
| Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders | 151 (0.8) | 8,523 (0.8) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 1.1 (0.9–1.2) |
| Other behavioral disorders | 265 (1.4) | 13,801 (1.3) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) |
| Autism spectrum disorders | 82 (0.4) | 4,845 (0.5) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) |
| Intellectual disability | 123 (0.7) | 6,164 (0.6) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) |
Data are n (%) with outcome or HR (95% CI).
*Conditional analysis adjusted to age at the time of recruitment, sex, year, and county of birth by matching.
**Multivariate Cox regression additionally adjusted for socioeconomic factors (maternal/paternal age at childbirth, maternal/paternal psychiatric history, maternal/paternal country of birth, level of education of higher educated parent) and perinatal variables (gestational age, birth weight, being born small for gestational age, being born large for gestational age, Apgar score). CIs for all outcomes except any psychiatric disorder include 1.0.