Table 2.
Birth outcomes by mild GDM treatment group, overall and by sex
| Overall |
Male |
Female |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Treated (n = 264) | Untreated (n = 236) | P value† | Treated (n = 140) | Untreated (n = 121) | P value† | Treated (n = 124) | Untreated (n = 115) | P value† |
| Gestational age at delivery (weeks) | 38.9 ± 1.8 | 39.0 ± 1.7 | 0.30 | 38.8 ± 1.9 | 39.2 ± 1.7 | 0.02 | 39.1 ± 1.6 | 38.9 ± 1.7 | 0.33 |
| Birth weight (g) | 3,283.2 ± 491.4 | 3,468.3 ± 546.4 | <0.001 | 3,285.5 ± 507.2 | 3,557.6 ± 532.5 | <0.001 | 3,280.6 ± 475.0 | 3,375.0 ± 547.5 | 0.08 |
| Macrosomia (>4,000 g) | 12 (4.6) | 32 (13.6) | <0.001 | 7 (5.0) | 21 (17.5) | 0.001 | 5 (4.0) | 11 (9.6) | 0.09 |
| Fat mass (g) | 421.3 ± 173.3 | 482.9 ± 210.2 | <0.001 | 407.3 ± 152.7 | 502.0 ± 213.8 | <0.001 | 437.1 ± 193.3 | 463.3 ± 205.6 | 0.16 |
| Fat mass >90th percentile | 9 (3.8) | 36 (16.7) | <0.001 | 1 (0.8) | 20 (18.4) | <0.001 | 8 (7.2) | 16 (15.1) | 0.06 |
| Cord C-peptide (units) | 1.2 ± 0.9 | 1.4 ± 1.5 | 0.06 | 1.1 ± 0.7 | 1.4 ± 1.8 | 0.06 | 1.3 ± 1.0 | 1.3 ± 1.0 | 0.48 |
| Cord C-peptide >95th percentile | 35 (14.8) | 48 (22.4) | 0.04 | 15 (12.0) | 25 (22.3) | 0.03 | 20 (17.9) | 23 (22.6) | 0.39 |
| Size for gestational age | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.35 | ||||||
| Small | 16 (6.1) | 9 (3.8) | 10 (7.1) | 4 (3.3) | 6 (4.8) | 5 (4.4) | |||
| Appropriate | 231 (87.5) | 189 (80.4) | 123 (87.9) | 95 (79.2) | 108 (87.1) | 94 (81.7) | |||
| Large | 17 (6.4) | 37 (15.7) | 7 (5.0) | 21 (17.5) | 10 (8.1) | 16 (13.9) | |||
Data are mean ± SD and n (%).
†
Based on the χ2 or Fisher exact test for categorical variables and Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables.