Table 3.

Follow-up outcomes (binomial) by mild GDM treatment group, overall and by sex

Outcome	Overall			Male			Female
	Treated	Untreated	Adjusted RR (95% CI)*	Treated	Untreated	Adjusted RR (95% CI)*	Treated	Untreated	Adjusted RR (95% CI)*
BMI ≥95th percentile for age and sex	55 (20.8)	54 (22.9)	0.94 (0.68–1.28)	35 (25.0)	30 (24.8)	1.04 (0.70–1.55)	20 (16.1)	24 (20.9)	0.79 (0.48–1.33)
BMI ≥85th percentile for age and sex	86 (32.6)	91 (38.6)	0.88 (0.71–1.10)	49 (35.0)	46 (38.0)	0.94 (0.70–1.27)	37 (29.8)	45 (39.1)	0.81 (0.59–1.13)
Waist circumference >90th percentile for age, sex, and race/ethnicity	31 (11.7)	27 (11.4)	1.05 (0.65–1.69)	18 (12.9)	15 (12.4)	1.06 (0.56–2.00)	13 (10.5)	12 (10.4)	1.02 (0.49–2.13)
Impaired fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL†	12 (5.7)	13 (7.2)	0.76 (0.36–1.62)	9 (8.4)	2 (2.2)	3.50 (0.78–15.7)	3 (2.9)	11 (12.1)	0.24 (0.07–0.82)‡
Elevated triglycerides ≥100 mg/dL 4–9 years; ≥130 mg/dL 10 years	38 (18.2)	29 (16.0)	1.11 (0.71–1.72)	18 (16.8)	11 (12.2)	1.31 (0.66–2.62)	20 (19.6)	18 (19.8)	0.99 (0.56–1.75)
Low HDL cholesterol <40 mg/dL	27 (13.0)	22 (12.2)	1.03 (0.61–1.76)	13 (12.2)	8 (8.9)	1.31 (0.57–3.00)	14 (13.9)	14 (15.4)	0.88 (0.45–1.73)
Hypertension ≥95th percentile or age, sex, and height	30 (11.5)	23 (9.8)	1.23 (0.74–2.05)	20 (14.7)	13 (10.7)	1.41 (0.74–2.71)	10 (8.1)	10 (8.7)	0.97 (0.42–2.23)

Data are n (%) unless otherwise indicated. RR, relative risk.

^*All models adjusted for race/ethnicity and log maternal baseline BMI, except waist circumference >90th percentile for age, sex, and race/ethnicity was adjusted only for log maternal baseline BMI. The data presented by child sex are based on multivariable adjusted models that included treatment group, sex, and a treatment group-by-sex interaction term.

^†P = 0.007 for interaction between treatment group and sex.

^‡P = 0.02.