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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Feb 24.
Published in final edited form as: Ecography. 2014 Dec 1;37(12):1230–1239. doi: 10.1111/ecog.00694

Fig. 4. Changes in vegetation structure and diversity changes along the elevation gradient.

Fig. 4

For each scenario, the change in vegetation pattern along the elevation gradient is shown for three simulation time intervals: short-term response (first ten years), mid-term response (between year 10 and year 100), long-term response (between year 100 and year 500). We used generalized additive models to draw the trend from all pixels. Four vegetation measures are presented (from top to bottom): tree cover, alpha diversity, compositional PFG turnover, and PFG evenness factor. The arrows point to the main effects of (a) grazing intensification, (b) land abandonment, (c1) the climate change effects at low elevations, (c2) the climate change effects at high elevations.