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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Feb 24.
Published in final edited form as: Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2013 Jun 14;189(1):10–21. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2013.06.003

Fig. 9.

Fig. 9

Physical and chemical destruction altered the effect of swallows on breathing in a site-dependent manner. In the n + 1 breath inspiratory time (TI; Panel A) was decreased (*P < 0.05) in LPBN goats with cannula implantation and KFN goats with 1 µl ibotenic acid (IA) injection. In the n breath expiratory time (TE ; Panel B) was decreased (*P < 0.05) in LPBN animals with 1 µl IA injection and KFN goats with all subsequent conditions. Also in the n breath, TE was decreased († P < 0.05) in a site-dependent manner with 1 µl IA injection in KFN versus MPBN goats. In the n + 1 breath tidal volume (VT; Panel C) was decreased (*P < 0.05) in LPBN and KFN animals with 1 µl IA injections. There was no anticipation or perpetuation of the effects of swallows on breathing, as the n − 1 and n + 2 breaths did not deviate from baseline. The four conditions are (1) pre-implant controls, (2) pre-IA controls, (3) 1 µl IA injections, and (4) 10 µl IA injections. Asterisks denote significant (P < 0.05) conditional differences between bracketed values. The dagger denotes a significant (P < 0.05) implantation site difference between bracketed values.