Table 1.
Characteristics of participants at DPPOS entry
| Variable | Overall | DPPOS baseline examination |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intensive lifestyle intervention | Metformin | Placebo | ||
| N (%) | 2,766 (100) | 910 (100) | 924 (100) | 932 (100) |
| Men, n (%) | 888 (32) | 291 (32) | 307 (33) | 290 (31) |
| Age (years) | 55.2 (10.3) | 55.3 (11.0) | 55.5 (10.1) | 54.8 (10.0) |
| Caucasian (%) | 1,506 (54.4) | 490 (53.8) | 515 (55.7) | 501 (53.8) |
| Not diabetic, n (%) | 1,999 (72.3) | 739 (81.2) | 652 (70.6) | 608 (65.2) |
| Nondiabetic participants | ||||
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.72 (0.52) | 5.72 (0.51) | 5.66 (0.53) | 5.79 (0.51) |
| Fasting insulin (pmol/L) | 155.6 (98.8) | 144.2 (86.2) | 158.8 (99.6) | 166.1 (110.4) |
| Insulin glucose ratio (pmol/mmol)* | 140.2 (159.1) | 148.0 (187.6) | 137.6 (102.9) | 133.0 (170.8) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.5 (6.5) | 31.7 (6.6) | 32.7 (6.3) | 33.3 (6.6) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 101.3 (13.8) | 99.5 (14.2) | 102.0 (13.3) | 102.6 (13.8) |
| Total calories/day (kcal)† | 1,775 (802) | 1,681 (785) | 1,839 (774) | 1,819 (843) |
| Calories from fat (%)† | 31.4 (7.4) | 27.8 (6.7) | 33.7 (6.8) | 33.2 (7.0) |
| Physical activity (METs/week) | 18.2 (18.6) | 20.5 (17.7) | 16.5 (18.4) | 17.2 (19.8) |
| Goals met at DPPOS entry‡ | ||||
| Weight, n (%) | 472 (23.9) | 238 (32.6) | 137 (21.2) | 97 (16.1) |
| Exercise, n (%) | 1,499 (76.6) | 610 (84.3) | 465 (72.7) | 424 (71.4) |
| Fat intake, n (%)† | 382 (19.1) | 256 (34.7) | 56 (8.6) | 70 (11.5) |
| Number of goals met | 1.00 (0.64) | 1.17 (0.65) | 0.94 (0.62) | 0.87 (0.62) |
Data are mean (SD), unless otherwise indicated. Data were missing for 22 enrolled persons who had not undergone a DPPOS baseline examination (see Research Design and Methods). Data were missing for additional participants in varying numbers for some of the variables.
*Calculated as (change in insulin levels after 30 min from fasting)/(change in glucose levels after 30 min from fasting).
†n = 1,995 using the last available visit with dietary data before DPPOS baseline visit.
‡Weight goal is defined as having lost ≥7% of the weight at randomization. Exercise goal is defined as leisure activity of ≥6 MET h/week. 1 MET is 1 kcal/kg/h. Fat intake is defined as the percentage of calories from fat ≤25%.