Table 3.

Other major cardiovascular outcome studies in T2D (ACCORD study also shown)

	ACCORD	Look AHEAD	EXAMINE	SAVOR-TIMI 53
Subjects (n)	10,251	5,145	5,380	16,492
Baseline characteristics
Age (years)	62	59	61	65
BMI (kg/m2)	32	36	29	31
Diabetes duration (years)	10	5	7	10
Cardiovascular disease history (%)	35	14	100	79
HbA1c (%)	8.1	7.2	8.0	8.0
Glucose-lowering therapy use	Int vs. Conv	Int lifestyle vs. Conv	Alogliptin vs. placebo	Saxagliptin vs. placebo
Insulin (%)	77 vs. 55	33 vs. 40b	29 vs. 30e	43 vs. 46g
Metformin (%)	95 vs. 87	67 vs. 67b	65 vs. 67e	70 vs. 70g
Sulfonylurea (%)	78 vs. 68	NR	47 vs. 46e	39 vs. 40g
TZD (%)	92 vs. 58	NR	2.4 vs. 2.5e	4.7 vs. 4.7g
Results
Duration of follow-up (years)	3.5	9.6	1.5	2.1
HbA1c achieved (%)	6.4 vs. 7.5	Diff −0.22 Int vs. Convc	7.7 vs. 8.1f	7.5 vs. 7.8g
Change in weight (kg)	3.5 vs. 0.4	Diff −4 Int vs. Convc	1.1 vs. 1.0f	0.6 vs. 1.0g
Change in weight, Int or DPP-4 inhibitor vs. Conv or placebo (kg/year of follow-up)	1.1 vs. 0.1	−0.7 vs. −0.4	0.7 vs. 0.7	0.3 vs. 0.5g
Primary cardiovascular (HR [95% CI])	0.90 [0.78–1.04]	0.95 [0.83–1.09]	0.96 [≤ 1.16]	1.00 [0.89–1.12]
Myocardial infarct (nonfatal) (HR [95% CI])	0.76 [0.62–0.92]	0.86 [0.69–1.06]	1.08 [0.88–1.33]	NR
Myocardial infarct (fatal) (Event rate or HR [95% CI])	0.4% Int vs. 0.3% Conv	0.44 [0.15–1.26]	NR	NR
Myocardial infarct (all) (Event rate or HR [95% CI])	4.0% Int vs. 4.7% Conv	0.84 [0.68–1.04]	NR	0.95 [0.8–1.12]
Heart failure (HR [95% CI])	1.18 [0.93–1.49]a	0.80 [0.61–1.04]d	NR	1.27 [1.07–1.51]
Cardiovascular death (HR [95% CI])	1.35 [1.04–1.76]	0.88 [0.62–1.29]	0.79 [0.60–1.04]	1.03 [0.87–1.22]
All-cause mortality (HR [95% CI])	1.22 [1.01–1.46]	0.85 [0.69–1.04]	0.88 [0.71–1.09]	1.11 [0.96–1.27]
Comments	Obese group. Aggressive glucose lowering with high insulin and TZD use and high weight gain in Int group.	Obese group. Weight loss greater with lifestyle intervention. Not a study of intensive glucose lowering.	High risk subjects. Not a study of intensive glucose lowering, but alogliptin group had lower HbA1c.	High-risk subjects. Not a study of intensive glucose lowering, but saxagliptin group had lower HbA1c. Moderate use of insulin.

ACCORD (42), Look AHEAD (64), EXAMINE (73), SAVOR-TIMI 53 (72). Conv, conventional treatment; Int, intensive treatment (glucose lowering in ACCORD; lifestyle in Look AHEAD); NR, not recorded. Bold typeface indicates significant changes.

^aFatal and nonfatal heart failure.

^bAt end of study.

^cOver course of study.

^dHospitalization for heart failure.

^eAt baseline.

^fAt end of study.

^gAt 2 years.