Table 2.
MS methods of detection for metabolites of interest in diabetes research
| Metabolites/pathways | Method | Conditions/comments | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acyl-carnitines | LC-MS | + ion mode, C18 column, QQQ | (112,113) |
| Acyl-CoAs | LC-MS | + ion mode, C18 column, QQQ | (114,115) |
| Acyl-glycerols | LC-MS | + ion mode, silica column, QTrap | (116,117) |
| Amino acids | GC-MS | SIM, EZ:faast Kit (Phenomenex Inc., Torrance, CA) | (118) |
| Bile acids | LC-MS | − ion mode, C18 column, QQQ | (119) |
| Cholesterol esters | LC-MS | + ion mode, silica column, QTrap | (120) |
| Eicosanoids | LC-MS | − ion mode, chiral column, QQQ | (121,122) |
| Fatty acids | GC-MS | Derivatize with FAME or PFB bromide | (123) |
| Glycerophospholipids | LC-MS | + and – ion mode, silica column, QQQ or QTrap | (124) |
| Glycolysis | LC-MS | + ion mode, C18 column, QQQ | (125) |
| − ion mode, HILIC column, TOF | (16) | ||
| Lipid profiling | LC-MS | + and – ion mode, QQQ or TripleTOF | (126) |
| QTrap | (127) | ||
| Lipidmaps.org/protocols | |||
| Nucleotides | LC-MS | − ion mode, ODS column, QQQ or Ion Trap | (128) |
| Organic acids | LC-MS | + ion mode, C18 column, QQQ | (125) |
| GC-MS | − ion mode, HILIC column, TOF | (16) | |
| SIM, derivatize with MTBSTFA | (129) | ||
| Organic cofactors | LC-MS | + ion mode, HILIC column, QQQ | (130) |
| − ion mode, HILIC column, TOF | (16) | ||
| Oxidized amino acids | LC-MS | + ion mode, C18 column, QQQ | (131) |
| Oxidized lipids | LC-MS | − ion mode, C18 column, QQQ or QTrap | (132,133) |
| Pentose phosphate | LC-MS | + ion mode, C18 column, QQQ | (130) |
| Sphingolipids | LC-MS | + ion mode, C18, amino and silica columns, QQQ or QTrap | (134) |
| Steroid hormones | LC-MS | + ion mode, C18 column, QQQ | (135) |
| Sterols | LC-MS | + ion mode, C18 column, QTrap | (136) |
| Urea cycle | GC-MS | Derivatize with BSTFA/TMCS | (137) |
| GC-MS and LC-MS | Review of methods | (138) | |
| Uremic solutes | LC-MS | + ion mode, C18 column, QQQ | (8) |
BSTFA/TMCS, N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide/trimethylchlorosilane; FAME, fatty acid methyl ester; MTBSTFA, N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide; ODS, octadecylsilyl; PFB, pentafluorobenzyl; QTrap, quadrupole ion trap; SIM, selected ion monitoring.