Nkx6.1 inactivation leads to a cell autonomous loss of β-cell maturation and nutrient sensing markers. Immunofluorescence staining for insulin, Pdx1, and YFP (A–C’’’) or insulin, MafA, and YFP (D–F’’’) shows Pdx1 but not MafA expression in recombined YFP+insulin+ cells of Nkx6.1∆β mice at P4. Unrecombined YFP−insulin+ cells express Pdx1 and MafA in Nkx6.1∆β mice. G: qRT-PCR analysis of pancreata from Nkx6.1∆β and control mice at P2 for genes associated with β-cell maturation (n = 3). Immunofluorescence staining for insulin, Ucn3, and YFP (H–J’’’); insulin, Glut2, and YFP (K–M’’’); or insulin, Glp1r, and YFP (N–P’’’) shows loss of Ucn3, Glut2, and Glp1r expression in recombined YFP+insulin+ cells but not in unrecombined YFP−insulin+ cells of Nkx6.1∆β mice at P4. For each marker, representative areas are shown in lower panels for Nkx6.1∆β mice, as indicated by a dashed box in the merged middle panel. White arrowheads point to recombined YFP+insulin+ cells and blue arrowheads to unrecombined YFP−insulin+ cells. Data shown as mean ± SEM. Scale bar = 20 μm. Ins, insulin; YFP, yellow fluorescent protein. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.