Table 3. Human Clinical Trials Evaluating the Effects of Curcumin Supplementation on Blood Glucose and Insulin Resistance^a.

patients	Dose, Duration	Results In the End of the Study in Treatment Group	Overall Conclusion	Authors/Publication year	Reference Number
100 Overweight/obese type 2 diabetic patients	Curcuminoids (300 mg/day) 3 months	fasting blood glucose ↓, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) ↓, serum total FFAs ↓, serum triglycerides ↓, LPL activity ↑	These findings indicate a glucose-lowering effect of Curcuminoids in type 2 diabetes, which is partially due to decrease in serum FFAs, which may result from promoting fatty acid oxidation and utilization	Na LX and colleagues/ 2012	(46)
subjects (n = 240) with criteria of prediabetes	six Curcumin capsules per day (Each capsule has Curcuminoid content of 250mg) 9months	16.4% of subjects in the placebo group were diagnosed with T2DM, whereas none were diagnosed with T2DM in the Curcumin-treated group the Curcumin-treated group showed: a better overall function of βcells HOMA-β ↑, C-peptide ↓, HOMA-IR ↓, Adiponectin ↑	Curcumin intervention in a pre-diabetic population significantly lowered the number of pre diabetic individuals who eventually developed T2DM. In addition, the Curcumin treatment appeared to improve overall function of β-cells, with very minor adverse effects.	Chuengsamarn Sand colleagues /2012	(47)
Eleven healthy subjects, aged 21–38 y with normal fasting blood glucose (100 mg/dL) and total cholesterol (200 mg/dL) concentrations	a randomly assigned, crossover design: 6 subjects 3 .0g cinnamon 5subjects 2.8 g turmeric per day each treatment 4-wk	no significant changes in fasting plasma glucose or lipids in conjunction with the 4-wk periods of each treatment.	Maybe turmeric supplementation in healthy nondiabetic subjects did not reflect blood glucose-lowering effect	Tang M and colleagues/ 2008	(48)
60 subjects, 20 years old and above, who were diagnosed mild to moderate elevated ALT levels with normal glucose levels(91.9 ± 9.7)	fermented turmeric powder 3.0 g per day 12 weeks	reduction in ALT,AST levels no significant changes in blood glucose level	FTP is effective and safe, generally well-tolerated without severe Adverse events, in the treatment of subjects with elevated ALT levels over a 12 weeks period	Kim SW and colleagues /2013	(49)
Fourteen healthy subjects in a crossover trial.	75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) together with capsules containing a placebo or C. longa (6 g)	no significant effect on the glucose response The insulin AUCs were significantly higher	The ingestion of 6 g C. longa increased postprandial serum insulin levels, but did not seem to affect plasma glucose levels or GI, in healthy subjects. The results indicate that C. longa may have an effect on insulin secretion	Wickenberg J and colleagues/ 2010	(47)

^a HOMA-IR, insulin resistance index; OGTT,glucose tolerance test.