Table 2.
The Association of Patient and Hospital Level Factors With CPR Duration
| No ROSC | ROSC | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P Value | OR | 95% CI | P Value | |
| Patient factors | ||||||
| Female sex | 1.05 | 1.02 to 1.09 | 0.005 | 0.97 | 0.94 to 1.01 | 0.11 |
| Age | ||||||
| ≤40 years | 1.81 | 1.69 to 1.95 | <0.001 | 1.00 | 0.93 to 1.07 | 0.93 |
| 40 to 65 years | 1.40 | 1.35 to 1.45 | <0.001 | 1.01 | 0.98 to 1.05 | 0.49 |
| >65 years | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| Black race | 0.99 | 0.95 to 1.03 | 0.61 | 0.99 | 0.95 to 1.03 | 0.61 |
| Pre‐existing comorbidities | ||||||
| Neurological | 0.82 | 0.79 to 0.86 | <0.001 | 0.89 | 0.85 to 0.92 | <0.001 |
| Cardiac | 1.14 | 1.10 to 1.19 | <0.001 | 1.00 | 0.96 to 1.04 | 0.85 |
| Pulmonary | 0.95 | 0.91 to 0.98 | 0.005 | 0.98 | 0.94 to 1.02 | 0.25 |
| Renal | 0.94 | 0.91 to 0.98 | 0.002 | 1.02 | 0.98 to 1.05 | 0.38 |
| Metastatic or hematologic malignancy | 0.79 | 0.75 to 0.82 | <0.001 | 0.98 | 0.92 to 1.03 | 0.33 |
| Prior cardiac arrest | 1.10 | 0.96 to 1.27 | 0.15 | 1.06 | 0.95 to 1.18 | 0.31 |
| Arrest location | ||||||
| ICU | 1.24 | 1.17 to 1.31 | <0.001 | 0.74 | 0.70 to 0.78 | <0.001 |
| Monitored | 1.22 | 1.16 to 1.29 | <0.001 | 0.85 | 0.85 to 0.96 | <0.001 |
| Unmonitored | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| Initial rhythm | ||||||
| VT/VF | 1.50 | 1.42 to 1.58 | <0.001 | 0.89 | 0.85 to 0.93 | <0.001 |
| PEA | 1.45 | 1.40 to 1.51 | <0.001 | 0.80 | 0.76 to 0.83 | <0.001 |
| Asystole | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| Weekend | 0.99 | 0.96 to 1.04 | 0.97 | 1.03 | 0.99 to 1.07 | 0.11 |
| Night | 1.05 | 1.01 to 1.09 | 0.007 | 1.08 | 1.04 to 1.12 | <0.001 |
| Witnessed arrest | 1.25 | 1.20 to 1.32 | <0.001 | 0.87 | 0.82 to 0.91 | <0.001 |
| Cause of event | ||||||
| Cardiac | 1.09 | 1.05 to 1.13 | <0.001 | 0.98 | 0.94 to 1.02 | 0.28 |
| Respiratory | 1.08 | 1.04 to 1.12 | <0.001 | 0.96 | 0.93 to 1.00 | 0.04 |
| Neurologic | 1.07 | 0.88 to 1.28 | 0.51 | 0.89 | 0.75 to 1.05 | 0.18 |
| Systemic/metabolic | 0.97 | 0.93 to 1.00 | 0.09 | 1.24 | 1.20 to 1.29 | <0.001 |
| Interventions at time of arrest | ||||||
| Assisted ventilation | 1.01 | 0.95 to 1.08 | 0.69 | 1.14 | 1.08 to 1.21 | <0.001 |
| Invasive airway | 1.15 | 1.08 to 1.22 | <0.001 | 1.23 | 1.16 to 1.30 | <0.001 |
| Need to place an invasive airway | 2.59 | 2.46 to 2.72 | <0.001 | 2.64 | 2.51 to 2.76 | <0.001 |
| Hospital factors | ||||||
| Academic hospital | 1.36 | 1.30 to 1.41 | <0.001 | 1.07 | 1.03 to 1.12 | 0.001 |
| Urban hospital | 1.20 | 1.12 to 1.30 | <0.001 | 1.10 | 1.02 to 1.20 | 0.01 |
| For‐profit hospital | 0.93 | 0.88 to 0.98 | 0.01 | 0.95 | 0.90 to 1.01 | 0.07 |
| High CPR volume | 1.01 | 0.95 to 1.06 | 0.82 | 0.81 | 0.77 to 0.86 | <0.001 |
| Geographic location | ||||||
| Atlantic | 1.36 | 1.30 to 1.41 | 0.19 | 1.12 | 1.07 to 1.18 | 0.001 |
| North central | 1.12 | 1.06 to 1.18 | <0.001 | 1.04 | 0.99 to 1.10 | 0.13 |
| South central | 1.23 | 1.16 to 1.31 | <0.001 | 1.13 | 1.07 to 1.20 | <0.001 |
| Mountain–Pacific | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| Hospital size | ||||||
| <250 beds | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| 250 to 499 beds | 1.02 | 0.97 to 1.07 | 0.48 | 0.92 | 0.88 to 0.97 | 0.001 |
| ≥500 beds | 1.06 | 1.00 to 1.11 | 0.04 | 0.92 | 0.88 to 0.98 | 0.004 |
CPR indicates cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ICU, intensive care unit; OR, odds ratio; PEA, pulseless electrical activity; ROSC, return of spontaneous circulation; VT/VF, ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation.