Figure 9.

ET‐1 augments pathological features in HCM iPSC‐derived cardiomyocytes. A, Immunostaining for cardiac troponin‐T (cTnT) of the single cardiomyocytes derived from each control and HCM iPSC. The single cardiomyocytes at 60 days were cultured for 7 days with ET‐1, Ang II, IGF‐1, or PE. B and C, Cell surface areas of 788 to 819 randomly chosen cTnT‐positive cardiomyocytes in each group and condition were measured. The single cardiomyocytes were cultured for 7 days with ET‐1, Ang II, IGF‐1, or PE (1‐way ANOVA with Steel's multiple comparison post‐test). D and E. The percentages of cardiomyocytes with myofibrillar disarray were assessed by immunostaining for cTnT. N=844 to 995. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, †P<0.0001 vs free condition (χ² test). Ang II indicates angiotensin II; ET‐1, endothelin‐1; HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; IGF‐1, insulin‐like growth factor‐1; iPSC, induced pluripotent stem cell; PE, phenylephrine.