Table 3.
Association of PAD With Risk of Stroke With and Without Adjustment for AF
| Events/No. at Risk | Model 1* HR (95% CI) | P Value | Model 1** With AF HR (95% CI) | P Value | Model 2* HR (95% CI) | P Value | Model 2** With AF HR (95% CI) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No PAD | 104/5794 | 1.0 | — | 1.0 | — | 1.0 | — | 1.0 | — |
| PAD | 36/774 | 2.0 (1.4 to 3.0) | 0.0004 | 2.1 (1.4 to 3.0) | 0.0003 | 1.7 (1.1 to 2.5) | 0.015 | 1.7 (1.1 to 2.5) | 0.011 |
AF indicates atrial fibrillation; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; PAD, peripheral arterial disease.
*
Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, and education.
*
AF adjusted as a time‐dependent covariate.
*
Adjusted for Model 1 covariates plus smoking status, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, body mass index, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, aspirin, antihypertensive and lipid‐lowering medications, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein levels, and left ventricular hypertrophy.