Table 3.
Multivariable Cox Regression Model on Time to the First of Any Cardiovascular Event Using Intent‐to‐Treat Analysis
| Variable | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment (cinacalcet/placebo) | 0.89 (0.80 to 0.99) | 0.029 |
| Age | 1.03 (1.02 to 1.03) | <0.001 |
| Sex (ref, female) | 1.18 (1.05 to 1.32) | 0.006 |
| Geographical region (ref, United States) | 0.002 | |
| Russia | 0.78 (0.60 to 1.03) | |
| Latin America | 0.80 (0.65 to 0.97) | |
| Europe | 0.76 (0.66 to 0.87) | |
| Canada | 0.74 (0.57 to 0.96) | |
| Australia | 0.97 (0.76 to 1.25) | |
| History of coronary artery disease | 1.41 (1.22 to 1.63) | <0.001 |
| History of cardiac arrhythmia | 1.28 (1.11 to 1.49) | 0.001 |
| History of diabetes | 1.77 (1.57 to 2.01) | <0.001 |
| History of heart failure | 1.14 (1.00 to 1.28) | 0.045 |
| History of peripheral vascular disease | 1.40 (1.23 to 1.60) | <0.001 |
| History of revascularization | 1.19 (1.03 to 1.38) | 0.022 |
| History of stroke | 1.24 (1.06 to 1.44) | 0.007 |
| History of transient ischemic attack | 1.16 (0.93 to 1.45) | 0.181 |
| Other cardiac disease history (valvular heart disease, angina) | 1.26 (1.11 to 1.42) | <0.001 |
| Tobacco use (ref, never) | <0.001 | |
| Current | 1.56 (1.34 to 1.81) | |
| Former | 1.13 (1.00 to 1.28) | |
| Type of vascular access (ref, natural fistula) | 0.165 | |
| Permanent catheter | 1.12 (0.96 to 1.32) | |
| Other | 1.17 (0.86 to 1.60) | |
| Graft | 1.15 (1.00 to 1.33) | |
| Baseline vitamin D use | 0.89 (0.79 to 0.99) | 0.032 |
| Baseline aspirin use | 1.02 (0.91 to 1.15) | 0.691 |
| Baseline amiodarone use | 0.89 (0.66 to 1.19) | 0.427 |
| Baseline proton pump inhibitor use | 1.10 (0.98 to 1.23) | 0.095 |
| Baseline warfarin use | 1.14 (0.94 to 1.38) | 0.200 |
| Systolic blood pressure per 10 mm Hg increase | 1.04 (1.02 to 1.07) | 0.000 |
| Baseline serum HDL per 10 mg/dL increase | 1.04 (1.00 to 1.08) | 0.033 |
| Baseline albumin, g/dL | 0.65 (0.56 to 0.76) | <0.001 |
| Dialysis duration, y | 1.01 (1.00 to 1.02) | 0.128 |
Variables were selected by backward elimination. The baseline variables corrected serum calcium, hemoglobin, serum phosphorus, and calcium phosphorus product were not included in the regression model due to lack of statistically significant independent association with the end point at α=0.25 in a separate model for each. Baseline use of aspirin, amiodarone, proton pump inhibitor, or warfarin was added to the final model. P=0.257 for interaction of age with treatment. Atrial fibrillation (chronic or paroxysmal) accounted for 67% of reported cardiac arrhythmias. HDL indicates high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol.