Table 2.
Deep Terminal Negativity of P Wave in V1 and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death, Fatal Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), Non‐CHD Death, and All‐Cause Mortality
| SCD (n=311) | Fatal CHD (n=370) | Non‐CHD Death (=1753) | All‐Cause Death (n=2197) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95%CI) | P Value | HR (95%CI) | P Value | HR (95%CI) | P Value | HR (95%CI) | P Value | |
| Unadjusted | 8.21 (5.27 to 12.79) | <0.0001 | 7.23 (4.70 to 11.13) | <0.0001 | 3.34 (2.25 to 4.44) | <0.0001 | 4.15 (3.30 to 5.22) | <0.0001 |
| Cox model 1 | 5.12 (3.27 to 8.02) | <0.0001 | 4.62 (2.98 to 7.14) | <0.0001 | 2.35 (1.76 to 3.13) | <0.0001 | 2.85 (2.26 to 3.59) | <0.0001 |
| Cox model 2 | 2.75 (1.72 to 4.38) | <0.0001 | 2.18 (1.39 to 3.42) | 0.001 | 1.60 (1.17 to 2.18) | 0.003 | 1.81 (1.41 to 2.31) | <0.0001 |
| Cox model 3 | 2.37 (1.44 to 3.91) | 0.001 | 1.74 (1.07 to 2.84) | 0.026 | 1.31 (0.95 to 1.81) | 0.100 | 1.44 (1.11 to 1.87) | 0.006 |
| Cox model 4 | 2.49 (1.51 to 4.10) | <0.0001 | 1.66 (1.09 to 2.55) | 0.019 | 1.25 (0.93 to 1.69) | 0.135 | 1.41 (1.11 to 1.79) | 0.004 |
| Competing risk model 3 | 2.45 (1.42 to 4.23) | 0.002 | 1.69 (0.97 to 2.95) | 0.066 | 1.15 (0.80 to 1.65) | 0.453 | — | — |
Model 1 adjusted for sex and age, stratified by race and study center. Model 2 in addition adjusted by clinical characteristics: prevalent coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein, current smoking, diabetes mellitus, body mass index, leisure activity index, systolic blood pressure, use of blood‐lowering medications, QT‐prolonging drugs, beta‐blockers. Model 3 in addition adjusted by ECG characteristics: heart rate, QRS duration, P duration, P axis, QTc, QRS‐T angle, sex‐specific Cornell product, third degree inter‐atrial conduction block. Model 4 in addition adjusted by time‐dependent incidence of atrial fibrillation, stroke, heart failure, and CHD. Competing risk model included all variables as in model 3. CHD indicates coronary heart disease; SCD, sudden cardiac death.