Fig. 2.

Preparations of E. coli F-ATPase and its subunits.

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the 4-subunit and 5-subunit F₁ sectors (A), isolated F₁ subunits (B), and FoF₁ (C), are shown. The positions of subunits (α, β, γ, δ, ε, a, b and c) are indicated. The 5-subunit F₁ (A, lane 2) could bind to Fo to reconstitute F-ATPase. The F₁ sector could be reconstituted from isolated subunits (B, lanes 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5), and FoF₁ (C, lane 1) could be reconstituted in liposomes capable of ATP synthesis and ATP-dependent proton transport. F₁ sectors are also shown as controls (B, lane 6, C, lane 2). Modified from previous results.^{21)–23), 26)}