Table 3.
Summary of Emission Measurements for the Two Engines and 26 Testsa
| test |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
19 |
20 |
21 |
22 |
23 |
24 |
25 |
26 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| engine and calibration |
1.7 L, 2002 calibration |
6.4 L, 2004 calibration |
6.4 L, 2007 calibration |
6.4 L, 2004 calibration |
6.4 L, 2007 calibration |
|||||||||||||||||||||
| fuel |
ULSD |
B20 |
ULSD |
ULSD |
B20 |
B20 |
||||||||||||||||||||
| condition (BMEP in kPa) |
idle | 200 | 600 | 900 | idle | 200 | 600 | 900 | idle | 200 | 600 | 900 | idle | 200 | 600 | 900 | idle | 600 | 900 | idle | 900 | idle | 600 | 900 | idle | 900 |
| aftertreatment | none | none | none | none | DOC | DOC | DOC | DOC | none | none | none | none | DOC | DOC | DOC | DOC | none | none | none | DOC + DPF | DOC + DPF | none | none | none | DOC + DPF | DOC + DPF |
| EGR (%) | 27 | 20 | 17 | 0 | 27 | 20 | 17 | 0 | 27 | 20 | 17 | 0 | 27 | 20 | 17 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 19 | 2 | 15 | 2 | 10 | 19 | 2 | 15 |
| exhaust temperature (°C) | 129 | 210 | 368 | 434 | 126 | 207 | 372 | 448 | 125 | 211 | 368 | 439 | 127 | 213 | 372 | 444 | 74 | 265 | 320 | 59 | 319 | 72 | 262 | 314 | 62 | 316 |
| unit | (g/h) | (g/Kwh) | (g/h) | (g/Kwh) | (g/h) | (g/Kwh) | (g/h) | (g/Kwh) | (g/h) | (g/Kwh) | (g/h) | (g/Kwh) | (g/h) | (g/Kwh) | (g/h) | (g/Kwh) | ||||||||||
| CO | 69.46 | 20.46 | 1.79 | 3.01 | 76.08 | 22.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 78.57 | 19.80 | 1.56 | 3.19 | 84.30 | 19.86 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 28.82 | 1.46 | 1.01 | 21.96 | 0.03 | 34.83 | 1.49 | 0.87 | 18.66 | 0.02 |
| NOx | 14.98 | 5.98 | 4.20 | 3.79 | 11.18 | 5.17 | 3.17 | 3.49 | 14.34 | 6.62 | 3.65 | 3.63 | 11.14 | 5.60 | 3.23 | 3.75 | 9.50 | 4.88 | 3.50 | 2.90 | 8.58 | 10.43 | 5.59 | 4.23 | 3.55 | 9.87 |
| NMHC | 75.06 | 3.16 | 0.50 | 0.60 | 72.38 | 2.60 | 0.04 | 0.15 | 83.11 | 2.51 | 0.42 | 0.57 | 80.63 | 1.85 | 0.10 | 0.31 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| formaldehyde | 3.11 | 0.69 | 0.023 | 0.043 | 3.74 | 0.90 | 0.001 | 0.013 | 3.97 | 0.69 | 0.024 | 0.048 | 4.38 | 0.805 | 0.002 | 0.014 | 1.29 | 0.027 | 0.020 | 0.87 | 0.010 | 1.66 | 0.024 | 0.018 | 0.62 | 0.008 |
| unit | (mg/h) | (mg/Kwh) | (mg/h) | (mg/Kwh) | (mg/h) | (mg/Kwh) | (mg/h) | (mg/Kwh) | (mg/h) | (mg/Kwh) | (mg/h) | (mg/Kwh) | (mg/h) | (mg/Kwh) | (mg/h) | (mg/Kwh) | ||||||||||
| PM2.5 | 404.70 | 72.25 | 111.03 | 186.52 | 404.83 | 31.80 | 113.83 | 173.06 | 530.71 | 62.10 | 84.03 | 156.75 | 540.21 | 36.06 | 102.39 | 161.49 | 310.87 | 56.73 | 108.50 | 22.51 | 0.60 | 580.94 | 43.35 | 78.44 | 4.09 | 0.75 |
| BC | 51.57 | 15.75 | 86.15 | 120.99 | 48.15 | 10.59 | 87.03 | 174.72 | 49.99 | 13.86 | 63.31 | 101.54 | 54.65 | 15.92 | 70.39 | 120.54 | 23.74 | 31.73 | 79.90 | <MDL | <MDL | 27.21 | 16.49 | 52.56 | <MDL | <MDL |
| EC | 33.43 | 20.60 | 87.24 | 145.00 | 24.08 | 14.96 | 81.22 | 170.28 | 35.21 | 20.53 | 71.00 | 124.37 | 32.37 | 18.83 | 64.06 | 122.24 | 11.88 | 31.31 | 77.18 | <MDL | <MDL | 17.85 | 16.91 | 50.71 | <MDL | <MDL |
| benzene | 110.79 | 41.74 | 8.99 | 12.40 | 79.75 | 34.27 | 0.11 | 0.88 | 128.93 | 37.90 | 6.72 | 12.14 | 123.96 | NA | 0.10 | 0.86 | 35.39 | 0.75 | 0.72 | NA | 0.02 | 38.53 | 0.64 | 1.10 | NA | 0.01 |
| toluene | 48.53 | 16.84 | 2.16 | 4.05 | 37.47 | 16.51 | 0.15 | 0.38 | 49.81 | 13.15 | 1.46 | 3.01 | 51.64 | NA | 0.10 | 0.35 | 21.10 | 0.45 | 0.80 | NA | 0.11 | 18.22 | 0.32 | 0.78 | NA | 0.03 |
| ethylbenzene | 5.59 | 1.64 | 0.22 | 0.40 | 4.09 | 1.70 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 6.18 | 1.35 | 0.17 | 0.31 | 6.55 | NA | 0.03 | 0.07 | 4.31 | 0.10 | 0.19 | NA | 0.05 | 3.56 | 0.07 | 0.18 | NA | 0.01 |
| p-,m-xylene | 11.03 | 3.35 | 0.43 | 0.86 | 8.65 | 4.21 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 10.51 | 2.63 | 0.30 | 0.59 | 10.89 | NA | 0.07 | 0.15 | 11.83 | 0.33 | 0.61 | NA | 0.16 | 7.98 | 0.20 | 0.52 | NA | 0.03 |
| o-xylene | 5.55 | 1.56 | 0.20 | 0.40 | 4.22 | 1.96 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 5.27 | 1.27 | 0.15 | 0.28 | 5.34 | NA | 0.03 | 0.06 | 4.85 | 0.14 | 0.24 | NA | 0.08 | 3.37 | 0.09 | 0.21 | NA | 0.01 |
| 4-ethyltoluene | 6.04 | 1.56 | 0.21 | 0.46 | 4.52 | 1.81 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 5.75 | 1.38 | 0.18 | 0.35 | 5.70 | NA | 0.03 | 0.09 | 6.08 | 0.20 | 0.43 | NA | 0.18 | 4.12 | 0.12 | 0.35 | NA | 0.02 |
| 2-ethyltoluene | 4.75 | 1.15 | 0.15 | 0.35 | 3.63 | 1.36 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 2.73 | 1.12 | 0.15 | 0.29 | 4.37 | NA | 0.02 | 0.06 | 3.30 | 0.11 | 0.25 | NA | 0.11 | 2.25 | 0.07 | 0.20 | NA | 0.01 |
| 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene | 36.45 | 9.24 | 2.50 | 5.19 | 21.89 | 6.90 | 0.23 | 0.68 | 33.64 | 8.39 | 1.87 | 3.46 | 31.99 | NA | 0.21 | 0.75 | 4.59 | 0.21 | 0.50 | NA | 0.27 | 3.07 | 0.15 | 0.43 | NA | 0.03 |
| 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene | 6.23 | 1.68 | 0.29 | 0.61 | 4.58 | 2.02 | 0.07 | 0.13 | 5.94 | 1.60 | 0.26 | 0.48 | 5.67 | NA | 0.05 | 0.13 | 8.32 | 0.35 | 0.81 | NA | 0.39 | 5.54 | 0.24 | 0.69 | NA | 0.05 |
| 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene | 1.34 | 0.38 | 0.08 | 0.14 | 1.05 | 0.48 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 1.28 | 0.43 | 0.08 | 0.13 | 1.16 | NA | 0.01 | 0.03 | 2.82 | 0.11 | 0.23 | NA | 0.10 | 1.80 | 0.07 | 0.19 | NA | 0.01 |
| styrene | 9.42 | 3.14 | 0.61 | 1.25 | 6.89 | 3.56 | 0.04 | 0.16 | 10.64 | 2.64 | 0.45 | 0.99 | 12.24 | NA | 0.03 | 0.15 | 2.49 | 0.13 | 0.24 | NA | 0.00 | 1.04 | 0.11 | 0.25 | NA | 0.00 |
| isopropylbenzene | 0.55 | 0.16 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.44 | 0.19 | <MDL | <MDL | 0.59 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.54 | NA | <MDL | <MDL | 1.26 | 0.03 | 0.06 | NA | 0.02 | 0.85 | 0.02 | 0.05 | NA | 0.00 |
| n-propylbenzene | 1.99 | 0.55 | 0.07 | 0.18 | 1.50 | 0.63 | <MDL | 0.03 | 2.20 | 0.55 | 0.07 | 0.15 | 2.27 | NA | 0.01 | 0.04 | 2.27 | 0.07 | 0.15 | NA | 0.06 | 1.62 | 0.05 | 0.14 | NA | 0.01 |
| p-isopropyltoluene | 1.11 | 0.30 | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.71 | 0.26 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 1.05 | 0.28 | 0.06 | 0.11 | 0.99 | NA | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.91 | 0.04 | 0.11 | NA | 0.04 | 0.60 | 0.02 | 0.08 | NA | 0.01 |
| n-butylbenzene | 7.15 | 1.87 | 0.54 | 1.15 | 3.95 | 1.26 | 0.05 | 0.15 | 6.62 | 1.77 | 0.43 | 0.83 | 6.57 | NA | 0.05 | 0.19 | 1.25 | 0.06 | 0.15 | NA | 0.09 | 0.94 | 0.05 | 0.13 | NA | 0.01 |
| naphthalene | 62.20 | 11.30 | 3.86 | 14.02 | 29.85 | 7.98 | 0.75 | 1.50 | 62.92 | 16.24 | 3.78 | 11.34 | 51.67 | NA | 1.32 | 3.45 | 2.52 | 0.25 | 0.89 | NA | 0.49 | 2.13 | 0.22 | 0.85 | NA | 0.12 |
| 2-methylnaphthalene | 2.11 | 0.30 | 0.14 | 0.52 | 1.01 | 0.33 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 2.31 | 0.55 | 0.12 | 0.43 | 1.59 | NA | 0.04 | 0.11 | 2.07 | 0.17 | 0.80 | NA | 0.36 | 1.75 | 0.15 | 0.86 | NA | 0.13 |
| 1-methylnaphthalene | 0.84 | 0.12 | 0.07 | 0.24 | 0.40 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.97 | 0.26 | 0.06 | 0.21 | 0.57 | NA | 0.02 | 0.05 | 1.25 | 0.10 | 0.48 | NA | 0.22 | 1.00 | 0.09 | 0.51 | NA | 0.08 |
| n-heptane | <MDL | <MDL | <MDL | <MDL | <MDL | <MDL | <MDL | <MDL | <MDL | <MDL | <MDL | <MDL | <MDL | NA | <MDL | <MDL | 2.42 | 0.09 | 0.16 | NA | 0.02 | 1.76 | 0.06 | 0.13 | NA | 0.02 |
| n-octane | 0.91 | 0.71 | 0.36 | 0.27 | 0.68 | 0.86 | 0.04 | 0.08 | <MDL | 0.66 | 0.20 | 0.25 | <MDL | NA | 0.10 | 0.17 | 3.58 | 0.19 | 0.33 | NA | 0.03 | 1.67 | 0.09 | 0.22 | NA | 0.03 |
| n-nonane | 82.22 | 28.77 | 8.36 | 11.54 | 65.71 | 22.31 | 0.38 | 1.51 | 76.44 | 22.20 | 5.96 | 7.71 | 74.96 | NA | 0.43 | 1.36 | 18.68 | 0.95 | 1.72 | NA | 0.25 | 10.26 | 0.48 | 1.34 | NA | 0.08 |
| n-decane | 65.59 | 22.00 | 6.90 | 9.97 | 43.83 | 17.53 | 0.38 | 1.37 | 59.80 | 18.46 | 5.15 | 6.81 | 57.64 | NA | 0.34 | 1.09 | 17.61 | 1.03 | 2.04 | NA | 0.58 | 10.73 | 0.63 | 1.64 | NA | 0.09 |
| n-undecane | 57.68 | 17.68 | 6.24 | 10.46 | 32.86 | 14.97 | 0.48 | 1.57 | 52.74 | 16.01 | 4.70 | 7.19 | 48.71 | NA | 0.52 | 1.53 | 9.46 | 0.74 | 1.99 | NA | 0.82 | 6.37 | 0.51 | 1.67 | NA | 0.14 |
| n-dodecane | 59.80 | 16.18 | 6.73 | 14.14 | 29.36 | 11.94 | 0.65 | 1.80 | 57.78 | 17.50 | 5.35 | 10.00 | 48.41 | NA | 0.98 | 2.63 | 5.02 | 0.66 | 2.86 | NA | 0.84 | 3.38 | 0.43 | 1.89 | NA | 0.21 |
| n-tridecane | 95.38 | 20.93 | 10.47 | 26.48 | 43.38 | 12.98 | 1.08 | 2.52 | 95.22 | 27.81 | 8.71 | 19.58 | 72.35 | NA | 2.02 | 5.18 | 4.64 | 0.51 | 2.22 | NA | 1.08 | 3.36 | 0.40 | 2.11 | NA | 0.37 |
| n-tetradecane | 19.81 | 3.37 | 2.12 | 7.03 | 7.30 | 1.73 | 0.19 | 0.50 | 19.54 | 5.59 | 1.75 | 5.09 | 12.87 | NA | 0.39 | 1.18 | 3.29 | 0.36 | 1.60 | NA | 0.61 | 2.40 | 0.24 | 1.33 | NA | 0.18 |
| n-pentadecane | 5.85 | 0.86 | 0.67 | 3.34 | 1.37 | 0.27 | 0.06 | 0.28 | 5.60 | 1.82 | 0.62 | 2.47 | 2.66 | NA | 0.13 | 0.59 | 2.82 | 0.33 | 1.34 | NA | 0.53 | 1.99 | 0.22 | 1.07 | NA | 0.12 |
| n-hexadecane | 3.10 | 0.38 | 0.44 | 3.75 | 0.52 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.23 | 3.60 | 1.38 | 0.62 | 2.54 | 0.83 | NA | 0.15 | 0.60 | 1.54 | 0.27 | 0.95 | NA | 0.49 | 1.09 | 0.18 | 0.89 | NA | 0.07 |
| TTVOC | 712.0 | 207.7 | 62.9 | 129.4 | 439.6 | 168.2 | 5.0 | 14.3 | 708.1 | 203.1 | 49.4 | 96.8 | 642.1 | NA | 7.2 | 20.9 | 186.5 | 8.7 | 22.9 | NA | 8.0 | 142.1 | 6.0 | 19.9 | NA | 1.9 |
a
NA: data not available. < MDL: below method detection limit.