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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Int Orthop. 2014 Jul 20;38(9):1761–1769. doi: 10.1007/s00264-014-2423-x

Figure 1. Traditional and expedited approaches to tissue repair and regeneration.

Figure 1

Panel A. In traditional tissue engineering approaches, a first procedure removes tissue biopsies. Autologous cells are isolated, seeded on a matrix and incubated in a bioreactor under conditions where new tissue is formed. The graft is implanted into the patient in a second procedure.

Panel B. Expedited approaches require a single percutaneous, minimally invasive, or intra-operative procedure.

From reference 1, as modified from reference 5, with permission.