Table 1. Baseline characteristics of patients before and after matching.
| Before matching | After matching | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Valid N | Total | BMI 18.5–25 | BMI >25 | Valid N | BMI 18.5–25 | BMI >25 | |
| N (%)/ mean ± SD | N (%)/ mean ± SD | N (%)/ mean ± SD | N (%)/ mean ± SD | N (%)/ mean ± SD | |||
| N | 4988 | 1357 | 3631 | 1114 | 1114 | ||
| Sex (females) | 4988 | 41.6% | 45.0% | 40.3%* | 2228 | 44.9% | 44.3% |
| Age (at admission) a | 4988 | 72 ± 12 | 74 ± 14 | 71 ± 11** | 2228 | 73 ± 14 | 73 ± 11 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 4985 | 28.9 ± 9.1 | 23.0 ± 1.8 | 31.0 ± 9.8** | 2225 | 23.1 ± 1.8 | 30.5 ± 8.8** |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 4966 | 138 ± 34 | 135 ± 34 | 140 ± 34** | 2228 | 137 ± 34 | 136 ± 33** |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) a | 4966 | 81 ± 18 | 78 ± 18 | 81 ± 18** | 2228 | 80 ± 18 | 79 ± 18** |
| Heart rate (min-1) a | 4965 | 93 ± 27 | 94 ± 27 | 92 ± 27 | 2228 | 93 ± 26 | 93 ± 27* |
| Width of QRS (ms) a | 4208 | 106 ± 28 | 108 ± 29 | 105 ± 28* | 1885 | 107 ± 29 | 107 ± 29 |
| LVEF (%) | 2012 | 38.1 ± 14.2 | 37.1 ± 14.5 | 38.5 ± 14.1 | 843 | 37.2 ± 14.6 | 38.0 ± 14.6* |
| Chronic NYHA III/IV | 4845 | 44.4% | 44.5% | 44.4% | 2218 | 44.7% | 45.7% |
| Medical history | |||||||
| Atrial fibrillation+ | 4952 | 28.3% | 27.8% | 28.5% | 2228 | 29.0% | 28.0% |
| Hypertension+ | 4988 | 74.8% | 67.6% | 77.5%** | 2228 | 71.4% | 70.2% |
| Diabetes mellitus+ | 4883 | 45.1% | 31.8% | 50.0%** | 2228 | 35.6% | 35.1% |
| History of MI | 4867 | 31.7% | 29.9% | 32.3% | 2227 | 30.7% | 29.8% |
| History of stroke/TIA | 4869 | 17.2% | 19.4% | 16.3%* | 2226 | 19.8% | 18.3% |
| History of PCI or CABG | 4869 | 18.7% | 15.9% | 19.8%* | 2228 | 16.8% | 16.9% |
| History of PM/ICD/CRT | 4981 | 13.1% | 13.7% | 12.9% | 2228 | 13.8% | 13.2% |
| Coronary artery disease a | 4988 | 55.5% | 53.7% | 56.1% | 2228 | 54.2% | 53.8% |
| COPD | 4867 | 19.1% | 18.8% | 19.2% | 2227 | 18.2% | 21.5% |
| Coronary angiography | 4986 | 44.2% | 38.3% | 46.4%** | 2228 | 39.9% | 43.4% |
| Current AHF | |||||||
| Pulmonary oedema | 4987 | 19.3% | 19.7% | 19.1% | 2227 | 19.7% | 18.0% |
| Cardiogenic shock | 4987 | 12.2% | 14.5% | 11.3%* | 2227 | 12.7% | 10.8% |
| Acute coronary syndrome | 4988 | 35.0% | 33.8% | 35.5% | 2228 | 33.8% | 35.0% |
| Laboratory values at admission | |||||||
| Creatinine (μmol/l) a | 4988 | 125 ± 73 | 126 ± 85 | 125 ± 68 | 2228 | 128 ± 88 | 122 ± 66 |
| Sodium (mmol/l) | 4925 | 138 ± 4 | 138 ± 4 | 138 ± 4 | 2225 | 138 ± 4 | 138 ± 4 |
| Potassium (mmol/l) | 4922 | 4.21 ± 0.66 | 4.20 ± 0.66 | 4.22 ± 0.67 | 2222 | 4.20 ± 0.64 | 4.21 ± 0.68 |
| Glucose (mmol/l) | 4804 | 9.69 ± 6.89 | 9.43 ± 8.03 | 9.78 ± 6.43 | 2173 | 9.51 ± 7.90 | 9.37 ± 7.07 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4988 | 4.42 ± 1.28 | 4.38 ± 1.18 | 4.44 ± 1.31 | 2228 | 4.40 ± 1.20 | 4.49 ± 1.29* |
| Triacylglycerides (mmol/l) | 1538 | 1.45 ± 1.04 | 1.23 ± 0.89 | 1.53 ± 1.07** | 699 | 1.22 ± 0.85 | 1.39 ± 0.98** |
| Haemoglobin (g/l) a | 4855 | 131 ± 20 | 128 ± 20 | 132 ± 20** | 2228 | 130 ± 19 | 130 ± 20** |
| BNP (pg/ml) b | 635 | 1519 ± 1891 | 1675 ± 1712 | 1467 ± 1946 | 280 | 1673 ± 1660 | 1560 ± 2021 |
| BNP max. (pg/ml) b | 312 | 1885 ± 2128 | 2343 ± 2170 | 1708 ± 2090* | 152 | 2304 ± 2107 | 1700 ± 2079* |
| NTproBNP (pg/ml) b | 1021 | 8357 ± 8 194 | 10600 ± 9571 | 7476 ± 7409** | 473 | 10309 ± 9 14 | 7848 ± 7463** |
| NTproBNP max (pg/ml) b | 502 | 9844 ± 10 021 | 12704 ± 11140 | 8813 ± 9391** | 237 | 12871 ± 11119 | 9154 ± 9426** |
| Medication at discharge c | |||||||
| ACE inhibitor/ARB | 4497 | 80.1% | 75.3% | 81.8%** | 2129 | 76.3% | 78.1% |
| Betablockers | 4688 | 77.1% | 73.5% | 78.4%** | 2129 | 74.1% | 70.7% |
| Diuretics | 4687 | 83.6% | 84.0% | 83.4% | 2129 | 83.6% | 86.2% |
*/**Statistical significance of differences between groups was tested by the ML chi-square test for categorical variables and by the independent Student’s t-test for continuous variables
*/**p<0.05/p<0.001
aParameter used in a logistic regression model of a propensity score
bParameter was not known for all patients, and statistics were computed on a reduced basis
cMedication at discharge was computed on patients who were alive after discharge
LVEF—left ventricular ejection fraction, BP—blood pressure, MI—myocardial infarction, TIA—transient ischemic attack, PCI—percutaneous coronary intervention, CABG—coronary artery bypass graft, PM—pacemaker, ICD—implantable cardioverter–defibrillator, CRT—cardiac resynchronization therapy, COPD—chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ARB—angiotensin-2 receptor blockers.