This schematic shows the major receptors involved in recognition of Mtb and their localization to the surface or the cytoplasm of host cells. PRRs on the surface of cells include TLRs, scavenger receptors, and c-type lectin receptors. Cytoplasmic receptors recognize mycobacterial components, such as secreted proteins and DNA that access the cytoplasm through phagosomal membrane damage. Major signaling pathways are shown including NFκB- and IRF3-dependent cytokine secretion, inflammasome-mediated IL-1β secretion, and the activation of autophagy.