Table 4.
Fatty acid | Vehicle | 0.10% | 1% | 2% | 5% | 10% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
8:0 | 0.18 ± 0.04 | 0.25 ± 0.03 | 0.52 ± 0.11* | 0.20 ± 0.03 | 0.20 ± 0.03 | 0.08 ± 0.03* |
10:0 | 0.24 ± 0.09 | 0.26 ± 0.06 | 0.46 ± 0.05* | 0.15 ± 0.03 | 0.18 ± 0.08 | 0.11 ± 0.05 |
12:0 | 0.18 ± 0.02 | 0.13 ± 0.00* | 0.31 ± 0.06* | 0.14 ± 0.01 | 0.14 ± 0.09 | 0.06 ± 0.02* |
14:0 | 3.61 ± 0.18 | 4.27 ± 0.79 | 3.96 ± 1.06 | 5.35 ± 0.20* | 1.47 ± 0.10* | 1.05 ± 0.06* |
16:0 | 26.56 ± 1.37 | 22.37 ± 3.35 | 21.85 ± 1.87* | 22.85 ± 1.10* | 19.26 ± 2.26* | 20.23 ± 1.40* |
16:1n-7 | 4.86 ± 0.31 | 5.69 ± 1.48 | 4.98 ± 1.74 | 7.28 ± 0.10* | 2.36 ± 0.35* | 1.84 ± 0.07* |
18:0 | 16.90 ± 1.29 | 16.63 ± 2.07 | 15.39 ± 0.20 | 7.87 ± 0.48* | 12.21 ± 1.18* | 8.82 ± 0.31* |
18:1n-9 | 21.97 ± 1.29 | 21.35 ± 3.63 | 25.59 ± 0.46* | 25.58 ± 1.74 | 35.53 ± 4.81* | 39.75 ± 1.89* |
18:1n-7 | 8.47 ± 0.72 | 8.82 ± 1.62 | 4.78 ± 0.84* | 4.25 ± 0.10* | 3.44 ± 0.26* | 2.81 ± 0.00* |
18:2n-6 | 1.13 ± 0.13 | 2.63 ± 0.73 | 3.81 ± 0.26* | 6.78 ± 0.46* | 6.55 ± 0.89* | 8.39 ± 0.45* |
18:3n-6 | 0.13 ± 0.01 | 0.13 ± 0.01 | 0.25 ± 0.03* | 0.27 ± 0.02* | 0.30 ± 0.04* | 0.31 ± 0.01* |
18:3n-3 | 0.03 ± 0.02 | 0.17 ± 0.06* | 0.26 ± 0.15 | 0.59 ± 0.02* | 0.06 ± 0.04 | 0.13 ± 0.00* |
20:0 | 0.26 ± 0.04 | 0.31 ± 0.04 | 0.42 ± 0.08* | 0.20 ± 0.01 | 0.25 ± 0.02 | 0.13 ± 0.01* |
20:4n-6 | 9.85 ± 0.53 | 9.37 ± 1.29 | 7.41 ± 0.30* | 8.51 ± 0.39 | 8.31 ± 0.81 | 7.48 ± 0.27* |
20:5n-3 | 0.21 ± 0.03 | 0.77 ± 0.24* | 2.83 ± 0.59* | 2.87 ± 0.16* | 1.77 ± 0.09* | 1.87 ± 0.08* |
22:0 | 0.28 ± 0.01 | 0.27 ± 0.04 | 0.31 ± 0.00 | 0.12 ± 0.01* | 0.16 ± 0.01* | 0.07 ± 0.01* |
22:5n-6 | 1.47 ± 0.07 | 1.29 ± 0.19 | 0.97 ± 0.03* | 0.79 ± 0.07* | 1.27 ± 0.11 | 1.14 ± 0.00* |
22:5n-3 | 1.42 ± 0.05 | 2.46 ± 0.40* | 1.46 ± 0.01 | 1.20 ± 0.12 | 1.78 ± 0.23 | 1.53 ± 0.03 |
24:0 | 0.35 ± 0.00 | 0.37 ± 0.02 | 0.47 ± 0.03* | 0.11 ± 0.01* | 0.20 ± 0.03* | 0.07 ± 0.01* |
22:6n-3 | 1.90 ± 0.06 | 2.47 ± 0.48 | 3.97 ± 0.20* | 4.89 ± 0.29* | 4.55 ± 0.61* | 4.12 ± 0.02* |
SFA | 48.55 ± 3.05 | 44.85 ± 6.60 | 43.68 ± 3.46 | 36.98 ± 1.88* | 34.08 ± 3.80* | 30.63 ± 1.91* |
MUFA | 35.30 ± 2.32 | 35.86 ± 6.73 | 35.36 ± 3.04 | 37.11 ± 1.94 | 41.32 ± 5.41 | 44.41 ± 1.95* |
n-6 PUFA | 12.59 ± 0.74 | 13.42 ± 2.22 | 12.44 ± 0.61 | 16.27 ± 0.93* | 16.43 ± 1.85* | 17.32 ± 0.73* |
n-3 PUFA | 3.56 ± 0.16 | 5.86 ± 1.18* | 8.52 ± 0.95* | 9.63 ± 0.60* | 8.16 ± 0.98* | 7.64 ± 0.13* |
Total | 100.00 ± 6.27 | 100.00 ± 16.74 | 100.00 ± 8.07 | 100.00 ± 5.34 | 100.00 ± 12.04 | 100.00 ± 4.72 |
HAECs were supplemented with varying doses of FO for 24 hours under standard tissue culture conditions prior to analysis. Total lipids were extracted as described in the methods. Quantification was based on the use of an internal standard and normalization to protein content. Results are expressed as the mean wt% ± SD of three determinants. *Denotes statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) compared to vehicle control.