Table 5.
Analysis of FA in triglyceride and phospholipid fractions
| (a) Triglyceride | (b) Phospholipid | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fatty acid | Vehicle | OO | SO | FO | Fatty acid | Vehicle | OO | SO | FO |
| C8:0 | 0.14 ± 0.05a | 0.06 ± 0.00b | 0.15 ± 0.08a | 0.10 ± 0.04a | C8:0 | 0.13 ± 0.04a | 0.04 ± 0.00b | 0.11 ± 0.03a | 0.16 ± 0.05a |
| C10:0 | 0.05 ± 0.01a | 0.03 ± 0.01a | 0.09 ± 0.01a | 0.06 ± 0.03a | C10:0 | 0.07 ± 0.01a | 0.03 ± 0.00a | 0.05 ± 0.01a | 0.10 ± 0.05a |
| C12:0 | 0.14 ± 0.02a | 0.07 ± 0.02b | 0.21 ± 0.08a | 0.03 ± 0.01b | C12:0 | 0.15 ± 0.06a | 0.04 ± 0.01b | 0.06 ± 0.00b | 0.05 ± 0.04b |
| C14:0 | 0.42 ± 0.04a | 0.41 ± 0.05a | 0.42 ± 0.02a | 0.81 ± 0.07b | C14:0 | 3.36 ± 0.30a | 0.62 ± 0.25b | 0.82 ± 0.10b | 0.92 ± 0.37b |
| C16:0 | 1.19 ± 0.42a | 12.98 ± 1.67b | 8.06 ± 0.92c | 12.92 ± 1.74b | C16:0 | 25.93 ± 1.65a | 14.41 ± 1.74b | 17.97 ± 1.83b | 11.15 ± 1.60b |
| C16:1n7 | 0.17 ± 0.06a | 0.67 ± 0.07b | 0.33 ± 0.03c | 0.48 ± 0.08d | C16:1n7 | 3.69 ± 0.20a | 0.72 ± 0.02b | 0.72 ± 0.10b | 0.43 ± 0.05c |
| C18:0 | 0.54 ± 0.15a | 3.47 ± 0.42b | 2.97 ± 0.30b | 3.24 ± 0.39b | C18:0 | 15.79 ± 0.70a | 7.43 ± 1.51b | 10.93 ± 1.01b | 5.99 ± 1.40b |
| C18:1n-9 | 0.85 ± 0.32a | 19.41 ± 2.31b | 8.50 ± 0.91c | 22.12 ± 3.65b | C18:1n-9 | 20.82 ± 1.09a | 11.56 ± 1.14b | 12.22 ± 1.30b | 10.26 ± 2.78b |
| C18:1 n-7 | 0.19 ± 0.07a | 1.05 ± 0.24b | 0.51 ± 0.06c | 1.17 ± 0.17b | C18:1 n-7 | 8.16 ± 0.40a | 1.69 ± 0.12b | 1.92 ± 0.21b | 1.21 ± 0.18b |
| C18:2n-6 | 0.70 ± 0.99a | 6.07 ± 0.82b | 7.54 ± 1.01b | 7.53 ± 1.31b | C18:2n-6 | 1.39 ± 0.05a | 4.19 ± 0.51b | 6.66 ± 0.69c | 2.98 ± 0.54b |
| C18:3n-3 | N/D | 0.98 ± 0.17a | 0.51 ± 0.06b | 0.17 ± 0.03c | C18:3n-3 | 0.15 ± 0.02a | 0.32 ± 0.04b | 0.31 ± 0.04b | 0.11 ± 0.03a |
| C18:3n-6 | N/D | N/D | 0.29 ± 0.05a | 0.08 ± 0.01b | C18:3n-6 | 0.05 ± 0.02a | 0.04 ± 0.01a | 0.08 ± 0.02a | 0.03 ± 0.01a |
| C20:0 | N/D | N/D | N/D | N/D | C20:0 | 0.10 ± 0.00a | 0.05 ± 0.02b | 0.05 ± 0.02b | 0.06 ± 0.02b |
| C20:4n-6 | N/D | 4.02 ± 0.49a | 3.80 ± 0.51a | 4.96 ± 0.76a | C20:4n-6 | 9.74 ± 0.16a | 4.75 ± 0.43b | 7.00 ± 0.82c | 3.54 ± 0.59b |
| C20:5n-3 | N/D | N/D | 0.15 ± 0.02a | 2.45 ± 0.40b | C20:5n-3 | 0.12 ± 0.01a | 0.06 ± 0.01b | 0.14 ± 0.04a | 0.66 ± 0.09c |
| C22:0 | 0.13 ± 0.02 | N/D | N/D | N/D | C22:0 | 0.22 ± 0.03a | 0.19 ± 0.13a | 0.12 ± 0.02b | 0.11 ± 0.02b |
| C22:5n-6 | N/D | 0.45 ± 0.07a | 0.25 ± 0.01b | 0.78 ± 0.15a | C22:5n-6 | 1.28 ± 0.03a | 0.71 ± 0.04b | 0.70 ± 0.08b | 0.44 ± 0.06c |
| C22:5n-3 | N/D | 0.20 ± 0.03a | 0.35 ± 0.05b | 0.82 ± 0.32c | C22:5n-3 | 1.62 ± 0.04a | 0.35 ± 0.02b | 0.71 ± 0.09c | 0.32 ± 0.06b |
| C24:0 | N/D | N/D | N/D | N/D | C24:0 | 0.30 ± 0.03a | 0.07 ± 0.01b | 0.12 ± 0.01c | 0.08 ± 0.01b |
| C22:6n-3 | N/D | 1.28 ± 0.17a | 2.00 ± 0.31a,b | 2.82 ± 0.54b,c | C22:6n-3 | 2.26 ± 0.07a | 1.60 ± 0.14b | 3.18 ± 0.31a | 0.84 ± 0.24c |
| SFA | 2.60 ± 0.72a | 17.01 ± 2.17b | 11.90 ± 1.41c | 17.16 ± 2.27b | SFA | 46.05 ± 2.82a | 22.88 ± 3.66b | 30.21 ± 3.04c | 18.64 ± 3.57b |
| MUFA | 1.21 ± 0.46a | 21.13 ± 2.62b | 9.34 ± 1.00c | 23.77 ± 3.90b | MUFA | 32.67 ± 1.69a | 13.9 ± 61.28b | 14.86 ± 1.61b | 11.90 ± 3.01b |
| n-6 PUFA | 0.70 ± 0.99a | 10.55 ± 1.39b | 11.88 ± 1.57b | 13.35 ± 2.24b | n-6 PUFA | 12.45 ± 0.25a | 9.68 ± 0.98b | 14.44 ± 1.60a | 6.99 ± 1.20c |
| n-3 PUFA | N/D | 2.45 ± 0.37a | 3.01 ± 0.43a | 6.27 ± 1.28b | n-3 PUFA | 4.15 ± 0.15a | 2.33 ± 0.20b | 4.35 ± 0.47a | 1.92 ± 0.42b |
| TOTAL | 4.52 ± 2.18a | 51.14 ± 6.54b | 36.14 ± 4.42c | 60.55 ± 9.69b | TOTAL | 95.32 ± 4.91a | 48.86 ± 6.12b | 63.86 ± 6.72c | 39.45 ± 8.20b |
HAECs were supplemented with lipid emulsions (1%) for 24 hours under standard tissue culture conditions prior to analysis. Triglycerides (a) and Phospholipids (b) were resolved using thin layer chromatography and extracted as described in the methods. An “ND” indicates the lack of fatty acid detection. Results are expressed as the mean (wt%) ± SD of three experiments. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test using SPSS Statistics 20 software was performed to test differences between groups. The numbers with different letters represent a statistically significant difference p < 0.05.