Table 1.
Group characteristics of the study groups
| Group characteristics | High-frequency feedback group (HFF group) N = 23 | Low-frequency feedback group (LFF group) N = 24 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 21.00 ± 2.94 | 20.62 ± 1.74 | .5961 |
| Sex (m/f) | 12 (52.17%)/11 (47.82%) | 12 (50.00%)/12 (50.00%) | .8822 |
| General self-efficacy rating | 30.83 ± 3.42 | 30.42 ± 4.15 | .8421 |
| Education in a medical profession | 3 (13.04%) | 1 (4.16%) | .2762 |
| Medical electives | 20 (86.95%) | 21 (87.50%) | .9552 |
| Kolb learning style inventory | |||
| Concrete experience (feeling) | 24.61 ± 7.65 | 24.79 ± 5.85 | .9271 |
| Reflective observation (watching) | 30.30 ± 6.88 | 29.88 ± 5.54 | .8151 |
| Abstract conceptualization (thinking) | 31.34 ± 8.61 | 32.37 ± 7.43 | .6631 |
| Active experimentation (doing) | 33.30 ± 7.55 | 32.95 ± 5.28 | .8561 |
1t-test.
2χ2 test.
Group characteristics of the high-frequency feedback group (HFF group, N = 23) and the low-frequency feedback group (LFF group, N = 24) are depicted regarding:
• age (age; mean ± standard deviation; Student’s t-test, p-values).
• sex (male/female; N and %, chi-square test, p-values).
• general self-efficacy rating prior to skills training (score of 10 items using Likert-scale ratings; 4 = I fully agree; 1 = I completely disagree; mean ± standard deviation; M-W-U-Test, p-values).
• completed education as paramedic, medical secretary, nurse, or occupational therapist.
• (N, % and chi-square test p-values).
• completed electives in surgery, internal medicine, pediatrics, or psychiatry (N, % and chi-square test, p-values).