Table 1.
Participants’ characteristics by road distance to the nearest healthy food store
| Characteristic | Distance (Median=1.84 miles) | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <1.84 (n=102) | >=1.84 (n=102) | ||||
| Sociodemographic | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| Age (years) | 52.3 | 10.1 | 53.7 | 9.1 | 0.28 |
| Female [n (%)] | 76 | 74.5 | 72 | 70.6 | 0.53 |
| White [n (%)] | 83 | 81.4 | 100 | 98.0 | <0.01 |
| Work full/part-time [n (%)] | 59 | 59.0 | 71 | 69.6 | 0.12 |
| Gross household income | |||||
| 0–$40,000 [n (%)] | 24 | 23.5 | 11 | 10.8 | |
| $40,000+ [n (%)] | 57 | 55.9 | 69 | 67.6 | 0.05 |
| Treatment group | |||||
| AHA | 51 | 50.0 | 53 | 52.0 | |
| High fiber | 51 | 50.0 | 49 | 48.0 | 0.78 |
| Anthropometric and clinical | |||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 34.8 | 3.1 | 34.9 | 2.8 | 0.85 |
| Sedentary activity (min/week) | 17.6 | 23.6 | 22.5 | 28.7 | 0.18 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 137.0 | 9.8 | 135.0 | 9.5 | 0.13 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 81.0 | 8.9 | 79.9 | 8.7 | 0.36 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 47.3 | 9.4 | 48.9 | 10.6 | 0.26 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 151.0 | 76.0 | 153.2 | 82.4 | 0.84 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 99.8 | 14.3 | 99.5 | 10.4 | 0.83 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.7 | 0.4 | 5.7 | 0.4 | 0.98 |
| Insulin (uIU/mL) | 14.8 | 13.7 | 15.1 | 12.9 | 0.90 |
| HOMA-IR | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 0.90 |
| CES-Depression score | 7.1 | 5.8 | 6.4 | 5.4 | 0.41 |
| Physical health scale | 46.0 | 8.8 | 47.1 | 8.4 | 0.38 |
| Mental health scale | 51.5 | 8.0 | 51.5 | 8.0 | 0.99 |
| Dietary variables | |||||
| Alternate healthy eating index (0–80) | 31.5 | 9.0 | 34.3 | 9.2 | 0.03 |
| Total energy intake (kilocalories/day) | 1896.1 | 637.5 | 1909.9 | 625.5 | 0.88 |
| Fat (% of total kilocalories) | 33.3 | 6.1 | 32.5 | 5.5 | 0.34 |
| Saturated fat (% of total kilocalories) | 11.8 | 2.8 | 11.1 | 2.5 | 0.06 |
| Carbohydrate (% of total kilocalories) | 48.1 | 7.7 | 47.1 | 6.8 | 0.33 |
| Protein (% of total kilocalories) | 17.0 | 4.2 | 17.3 | 3.5 | 0.61 |
| Total dietary cholesterol (mg/day) | 262.6 | 132.4 | 260.5 | 130.7 | 0.91 |
| Total dietary fiber (g/day) | 18.5 | 6.3 | 20.5 | 7.5 | 0.04 |
| Fruit and vegetables (servings/day) | 3.5 | 1.9 | 4.0 | 2.2 | 0.08 |
| Whole grains (servings/day) | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 0.41 |
| % kilocalories eaten at home | 64.5 | 28.9 | 67.0 | 28.1 | 0.53 |
| Psychosocial factors for healthy eating | |||||
| Self efficacy (0–26) | 21.1 | 4.0 | 20.9 | 4.6 | 0.70 |
| Dietary attitudes (0–48) | 39.8 | 8.4 | 40.5 | 6.8 | 0.53 |
| Social support (0–18) | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 0.99 |
| Perceived barriers (0–28) | 7.6 | 5.9 | 6.5 | 4.9 | 0.14 |
Notes: Data are means (standard deviation) unless otherwise noted.
P-value from t-test for continuous variables and chi-squared test for categorical variables.