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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Med. 2014 Oct 15;128(3):229–238. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.10.014

Table 1.

Food Group Population-
based Data		 RCT
Data		 CVD
Effect		 Proposed Mechanisms
Mediterranean
Diet		 +++ +++ +++ Improved lipids, reduces ROS, endothelial function,
platelet function
Unsaturated Fats + + + Improved lipids, reduces ROS, endothelial function,
platelet function
Fish +/− ++ + Improves lipid profiles and BP
Fruits/Vegetables ++ + + Improves lipid profiles and BP; reduces ROS
Whole Grains ++ + + Improved glucose metabolism, reduced inflammation,
ROS, lipid profiles, and blood pressure
Eggs +/− +/− NC Controversial data without mechanistic evidence
Garlic +/− +/− NC Improves lipid profiles
Alcohol ++ + ++ Improves lipid profiles, BP, (+/−) ROS, and endothelial
function
Nuts ++ ++ + +/− ROS and lipid profiles; improves BP and endothelial
function