Table 2.

Effect sizes (Cohen's d) for pairwise comparisons.

	Control vs. RANdef	Control vs. PHONOdef	Control vs. DOUBLEdef	RANdef vs. PHONOdef	RANdef vs. DOUBLEdef	PHONOdef vs. DOUBLEdef
Age	−0.33	−0.78	−0.76	−0.45	−0.43	0.01
Task Accuracy	0.43	0.25	0.70	−0.23	0.29	0.53
IQ	−0.05	1.10	1.15	1.06	1.13	−0.01
RAN	2.31	−0.14	2.39	−2.83	0.01	2.95
CTOPP	0.40	2.60	2.54	2.70	2.51	0.28
Word ID- ss	0.36	1.25	1.54	1.26	1.50	0.65
Word Attack-ss	0.21	1.46	1.48	1.86	1.67	0.33
Passage Comp-ss	0.35	1.12	1.44	0.87	1.23	0.40
TOWRE SWE-ss	0.78	0.76	1.07	−0.10	0.52	0.54
TOWRE PDE-ss	0.53	1.08	1.42	0.81	1.90	0.55