Figure 5.

Effect of Chrysanthemum boreale (C. boreale) essential oil on biofilm formation on resin teeth surface. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilm on resin tooth surface were incubated in various concentration of C. boreale essential oil (a). Biofilm formation was significantly inhibited at 0.05–0.25 mg/mL of C. boreale essential oil. Also biofilm formation was completely inhibited at 0.5 mg/mL of C. boreale essential oil. Scanning electron microscopy image of S. mutans biofilm formation on resin tooth surfaces (b). 0.1% of sodium fluoride (NaF) was used as a positive control. Scale bar represents 25 μm.