Figure 3.
Germ layer differentiation and stemness properties of EBs. Differentiation and stemness of EBs were analyzed and compared with static conditions after 21 days of culture in a microfluidic chip. Mesoderm was stained for α-SMA, ectoderm for NFs, and endoderm for α-FP. Stem cell markers SSEA-1, Oct4, and Nanog were confirmed in EBs cultured in both static conditions and microfluidic chips. Scale bars = 100 μm (A–C) and 50 μm (D–F). Abbreviations: α-FP, α-fetoprotein; α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin; DAPI, 4′6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; EBs, embryoid bodies; NFs, neurofilaments.