Table I.
Metabolite concentrations in placental tissue samples.
| Parameter | 7–8 weeks (n = 5) | 14–16 weeks (n = 5) | Term (n = 4) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acetate | 0.118 (0.07) | 0.134 (0.077) | 0.065 (0.042) |
| ADP | 0.466 (0.063) | 0.6 (0.096) | 0.325 (0.058) |
| Alanine | 0.622 (0.047) | 0.596 (0.116) | 0.448 (0.023) |
| AMP | 0.404 (0.064) | 0.316 (0.064) | 0.2 (0.081) |
| Arginine | 0.336 (0.05) | 0.266 (0.039) | 0.208 (0.036) |
| Aspartate | 0.178 (0.028) | 0.224 (0.026) | 0.295 (0.034) |
| ATP | 0.742 (0.155) | 0.938 (0.168) | 0.59 (0.078) |
| ATP/ADP | 1.56 (0.144) | 1.6 (0.14) | 1.87 (0.11) |
| Cholesterol | 1.61 (0.287) | 1.79 (0.164) | 2.37 (0.057) |
| Choline (H2O soluble fraction) | 0.312 (0.055) | 0.320 (0.059) | 0.178 (0.045) |
| Cholines (lipid fraction) | 3.0 (0.493) | 3.79 (0.109) | 3.39 (0.186) |
| Creatine phosphate | 0.388 (0.05) | 0.274 (0.017) | 0.215 (0.034)a |
| Glucose | 1.234 (0.15) | 1.114 (0.115) | 0.95 (0.046) |
| Glutamate | 1.202 (0.143) | 1.336 (0.151) | 1.01 (0.044) |
| Glutamine | 0.546 (0.074) | 0.59 (0.089) | 0.345 (0.043) |
| Glycerol phosphate | 1.696 (0.27) | 1.848 (0.121) | 1.7 (0.133) |
| Glutathione | 0.308 (0.108) | 0.36 (0.118) | 0.43 (0.088) |
| Hydroxybuterate | 0.062 (0.012) | 0.072 (0.024) | 0.12 (0.036) |
| Inositol | 1.796 (0.242) | 1.796 (0.149) | 0.95 (0.128)a |
| Lactate | 3.878 (0.602) | 3.92 (0.594) | 3.49 (0.235) |
| MUFA | 6.516 (1.748) | 6.718 (1.462) | 5.45 (0.519) |
| NAD+ | 0.616 (0.081) | 0.652 (0.067) | 0.59 (0.033) |
| Pcho + GPC | 0.496 (0.052) | 0.412 (0.047) | 0.935 (0.1)a |
| Phophatidyl choline | 0.588 (0.085) | 0.724 (0.012) | 0.628 (0.038) |
| PDE | 0.550 (0.186) | 0.380 (0.141) | 2.8 (0.337)a |
| PME | 6.102 (0.679) | 5.658 (1.161) | 3.17 (0.274) |
| Phosphatidylethanolamine | 0.158 (0.037) | 0.248 (0.011) | 0.165 (0.015) |
| PDE/PME | 0.095 (0.032) | 0.066 (0.014) | 0.88 (0.048)a |
| Polyols | 29.936 (6.680) | 21.478 (5.469) | 5.0 (0.94)a |
| PUFA | 10.42 (1.722) | 13.326 (0.578) | 10.42 (0.756) |
| PUFA/MUFA | 1.942 (0.343) | 2.340 (0.447) | 1.95 (0.187) |
| Succinate | 0.350 (0.082) | 0.346 (0.029) | 0.29 (0.033) |
| TAG | 0.868 (0.087) | 1.042 (0.113) | 0.705 (0.0378) |
| Taurine | 1.106 (0.144) | 1.06 (0.046) | 1.6 (0.223)a |
| Total FA | 34.58 (5.83) | 40.32 (2.27) | 44.78 (1.217) |
| UDPG | 0.272 (0.037) | 0.338 (0.026) | 0.242 (0.054) |
| Val, leu, Ile | 2.372 (0.333) | 1.69 (0.155) | 1.18 (0.144)a |
aSignificantly different P < 0.05 (non-parametric one-way ANOVA plus Kruskal–Wallis test). Numbers in bold are significantly different between the groups.